Let m 2, n 2, and q 2 be positive integers. Let Sr and Sb be two disjoint sets of points in the plane such that no three points of Sr Sb are collinear, |Sr| = nq, and |Sb| = mq. This paper shows that Kaneko and Kano's conjecture is true, i.e., there are q disjoint convex regions of the plain such that each region includes n points of Sr and m points of Sb. This is a generalization of 2-dimension Ham Sandwich Theorem.

In this paper, we present improved alternative sequential filter-edge detector using generalized directional morphological filters. Based on the properties of effective noise removal and detail preservation of the generalized directional morphological filters, we apply these filters to edge detection of noisy images. The performance of the edge detection in the presence of mixed noise is evaluated. Simulations show that edge detection method using generalized directional morphological filters can also improve the performance.

This paper describes the evaluation of a fiber-optic reflective displacement sensor that is compensated for variations in light source intensity, pressure, temperature and opacity of ambient medium. Additionally, the distance information is averaged over several points on the target surface, which reduces signal fluctuations due to inhomogeneities. Furthermore, a practical optical fiber reflective sensor model of measuring oil film thickness for thrust bearing is set up in this paper. Actual measurements were made with HEC 3000 tons' thrust bearing and the results were in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

Mass measurement system for the measurement of mass of substances placed in randomly vibrating circumstances has been developed. Mass measurement range was defined from 0 g to 400 g for the primary model with the measurement error of approximately 3% when randomly directional vibration of 6 m/sec2 acceleration was applied to the system.

In any ill-conditioned information-transfer system, as in long-distance communication, we often must construct feedback confirmation channels, in order to confirm that informations received at destinations are correct. Unfortunately, for such systems, undesirable uncertain fluctuations may be induced not only into forward communication channels but also into feedback confirmation channels, and it is such difficult that transmitters always confirm correct communications. In this paper, two fuzzy-set-valued mappings are introduced into both the forward communication channel and the feedback confirmation channel, separately, and overall system-behaviors are discussed from the standpoint of functional analysis, by means of fixed point theorem for a system of generalized equations on fuzzy-set-valued mappings. As a result, a good mathematical condition is successfully obtained, for such information-transfer systems, and fine-textured estimations of solutions are obtained, at arbitrary levels of values of membership functions.

It is one of the difficulties in enterprise modeling that we must deal with many fragmented pieces of knowledge provided by various domain-experts, which are usually based on mutually different viewpoints of them. This paper presents a formal approach to integrate those pieces into enterprise-wide model units using Rough Set Theory (RST). We focus on business processes in order to recognize and identify the constituents or units of enterprise models, which would compose the model expressing the various aspects of the enterprise. We defined five model unit types of "resource," "organization," "task," "function," and "behavior. " The first three types represent the static aspect of the enterprise, whereas the last two types represent the dynamic aspect of it. Those units are initially elicited from each domain-expert as his/her own individual model units, then they are integrated into enterprise-wide units using RST. Our approach is methodology-free, and any methodologies can include it in their early stage to identify what composes the enterprise.

We have developed a measuring system for high-Tc superconducting single-flux quantum circuits and evaluated its performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) measurement for given signal voltage levels. The system includes magnetic shields and a high-frequency test fixture mounted on a closed-cycle cooler. The test fixture is made of non-magnetic material. The transmission characteristics of the measuring system were evaluated by using a vector network analyzer at frequencies ranging from 40 MHz to 20 GHz. The operating temperature of the measuring system ranges from 20 K to room temperature. We connected a 12-GHz wideband pulse amplifier to the system and evaluated its high-speed transmission characteristics. We used a standard 50-Ω microstrip line as an impedance-matched sample. The signal used in the experiment was a 215-1 pseudo random bit signal (PRBS) at 3 Gbps. As a result, the output voltage required for an output driver under the experimental condition was 18.8 mV in order to obtain a resolution of BER measurement of 10-12.

Modified Edge Representation (MER) empirically proposed by one of the authors is the line integral representation for computing surface radiation integrals of diffraction. It has remarkable accuracy in surface to line integral reduction even for sources very close to the scatterer. It also overcomes false and true singularities in equivalent edge currents. This paper gives the mathematical derivation of MER by using Stokes' theorem; MER is not only asymptotic but also global approximation. It proves remarkable applicability of MER, that is, to smooth curved surface, closely located sources and arbitrary currents which are irrelevant to Maxwell equations.

The execution model of mobile code inherits from traditional remote execution model such as telnet that needs two conditions. First, the proper program must exist in advance in the remote system. Second, there should be a process in the remote system waiting for requests. Therefore mobile code also bears the same conditions in order to be executed in a remote system. But these conditions constrain an important aspect of mobile code, which is the dynamic extension of system functionality. In this paper we propose a new approach, named Function Message that enables remote execution without these two conditions. Therefore, Function Message makes it easy and natural for mobile codes to extend system functionality dynamically. This paper describes the design of Function Message and implementation on Linux. We measure the overhead of Function Message and verify its usefulness with experimental results. On the ATM network, Function Message can be about five times faster than the traditional remote execution model based on exec().

The expected lengths of the parsed segments obtained by applying Lempel-Ziv incremental parsing algorithm for i.i.d. source satisfy simple recurrence relations. By extracting a combinatorial essence from the previous proof, we obtain a simpler derivation.

We propose a variation of the Context Tree Weighting algorithm for tree source modified such that the growth of the context resembles Lempel-Ziv parsing. We analyze this algorithm, give a concise upper bound to the individual redundancy for any tree source, and prove the asymptotic optimality of the data compression rate for any stationary and ergodic source.

This paper describes an individual effect of soil moisture (mg) and surface roughness (hrms) of bare soil on the back scattering coefficient (σ0) at the X-band frequency. The study contributes to the design of an efficient microwave sensor. For this purpose, experimentally observed data was utilized to provide a composite σ0 equation model accounting for individual effect in regression analysis. The experimental data are compared with Small Perturbation Method. It is observed that the X-band gives better agreement up to incidence angle 50 for HH-polarization and 60 for VV-polarization as compared to the C-band. The lower angles of incidence give better results than the higher angles for observing mg at the X-band. The multiple and partial regression analyses have also carried out for predicting the dependence of scattering coefficient (σ0) on mg and hrms more accurately. The analyses suggest that the dependence of dielectric constant (i.e., mg) is much more significant in comparison to surface roughness at lower angles of incidence for both like polarizations. The results propose the suitable angle of incidence for observing bare surface roughness and soil moisture at the X-band. All these data can be used as a reference for satellite or spaceborne sensors.

As the track becomes narrower, the effects of track edge become more significant. These effects, such as the amplitude reduction, variations in the shape of the isolated pulse, the partial erasure and the amplitude asymmetry, are dependent on head/disk combination and the off-track position. These relationships are discussed in detail in this paper. More importantly, an off-track model is proposed to study the off-track BER performance for the head with narrow track width. The BER performances of EPRML channel for different off-track cases and different head/media combinations are studied based on this model. Simulation results have proved that this model is a useful tool for simulation of system performance.

An airborne cloud profiling radar (SPIDER) which has several unique features has been developed at CRL. In this paper, the objectives and design considerations are outlined, and the system is described. The features of SPIDER are summarized below. (1) A W-band frequency (95 GHz) is used to provide very high sensitivity to small cloud particles. (2) The radar is carried by a jet aircraft that can fly high above most clouds. (3) Full-polarimetric and Doppler capabilities are incorporated in the unit. (4) Almost all radar operational parameters are under software control, and most processing is in real time. (5) The design gives consideration to the study of cloud radiation and microphysics. The system has been completed and is still undergoing performance testing. The functions and performance of the SPIDER system are currently fulfilling the intentions of its design. Several interesting cloud features that had not been seen with previous instruments have already been observed.

The use of intelligent agents is on the rise, fueled by the unprecedented growth in the Internet and web based applications. Consequently, agent-oriented software is becoming large and complex. To support a systematic development of such software, an agent-oriented software development methodology is necessary. This paper focuses on the modeling phase of agent-oriented software life cycle and, presents an approach for agent modeling consisting of Agent Elicitation, Intra, and Inter Agent modeling methods. Agent Elicitation deals with identifying and extracting agents from "classes" in the real world. Intra Agent Modeling involves expressing agent characteristics - Goal, Belief, Plan and Capability - whereas, Inter Agent modeling incorporates agent mobility and communication in a multi-agent system.

This paper provides the Shannon theoretic coding theorems on the success probabilities of the impersonation attack and the substitution attack against secret-key authentication systems. Though there are many studies that develop lower bounds on the success probabilities, their tight upper bounds are rarely discussed. This paper characterizes the tight upper bounds in an extended secret-key authentication system that includes blocklength K and permits the decoding error probability tending to zero as K . In the extended system an encoder encrypts K source outputs to K cryptograms under K keys and transmits K cryptograms to a decoder through a public channel in the presence of an opponent. The decoder judges whether K cryptograms received from the public channel are legitimate or not under K keys shared with the encoder. It is shown that 2-KI(W;E) is the minimal attainable upper bound of the success probability of the impersonation attack, where I(W;E) denotes the mutual information between a cryptogram W and a key E. In addition, 2-KH(E|W) is proved to be the tight upper bound of the probability that the opponent can correctly guess K keys from transmitted K cryptograms, where H(E|W) denotes the conditional entropy of E given W.

We investigate the intrinsic current fluctuations in small Si-MOSFETs via the Monte Carlo device simulation. It is demonstrated that the temporal fluctuation of the drain current in Si-MOSFETs attains a significant fraction of the averaged drain current when the device width is scaled down to the deep sub-µm regime. This is caused by the drastic decrease in the number of channel electrons. This finding holds true whenever the device width is reduced to deep sub-µm, regardless of the channel length. Most importantly, current fluctuation is associated with the quasi-equilibrium thermal noise in the heavily-doped source and drain regions, whereas its magnitude with respect to the averaged drain current is directly related to the number of channel electrons underneath the gate.

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing the characteristic polynomial of a matrix, which utilizes Cayley-Hamilton's theorem. The algorithm requires no condition on input matrix and can be performed only with basic matrix operations except only one computation of inverse of constant matrix. Though the algorithm can be applied to a constant matrix, it is the most effective when applied to a matrix with polynomial entries. Computational tests are given to compare the algorithm with conventional ones.

A new method for measuring the scattering coefficient using a metal-plate reflector was developed in order to provide a non-destructive way for the assessment of microwave materials in free space. By displacing the position of the metal-plate reflector on the specimen to be tested, the incident wave and the scattered wave from the measured area were determined without the influence of extraneous waves such as the direct coupling between transmitting and receiving antennas and scattered waves from background objects. Because the behavior of a metal-plate reflector is similar to that of an optical shutter in optics, our new scattering measurement system enables us to measure both backward- and forward-scattering coefficients of small regions of the specimen for various types of materials in a non-destructive manner. Our study examined the metal-plate size dependence of the complex reflection and transmission coefficients of some dielectric sheet samples. The measured data indicated that the reflection and transmission coefficients of a Bakelite flat plate and Styrofoam sheet were constant for various sizes of metal plates at the X-band.

Short-circuit photocurrents (ISC) utilizing surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation were investigated for the merocyanine (MC) LB film photoelectric device. The device has a prism/MgF2/Al/MC LB film/Ag structure. In the attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration, SPPs were resonantly excited at the interfaces between MgF2 and Al (MgF2/Al) and between Ag and air (Ag/air). The thickness and the dielectric constants of the layers were evaluated from the ATR measurements. Short-circuit photocurrents, ISCs, as a function of the incident angle of the laser beam were observed simultaneously during the ATR measurements. In the ISC curves, large and small peaks were observed, and the peak angles of the ISC almost corresponded to the dip angles of the ATR curves due to the SPP excitations. Electric fields and optical absorptions in the cell were calculated using the dielectric constants and the film thickness obtained from the ATR measurements. The calculated absorption in the MC layer as a function of the incident angle corresponded to the ISC curve. It was thought that the optical absorption in the MC layer affected directly to the profile of the ISC. Furthermore, the calculated absorption in the cell with the prism and the MgF2 layer exhibited much larger than that of the cell without them. It was estimated that the photocurrents were enhanced by the excitation of SPPs in the ATR configuration.