An antenna and multi-carrier combined diversity system using Time Division Duplex (TDD) is proposed to combat with multi-path channel problem which produces frequency-selective fading and degrades the quality of signal transimission. So far multi-carrier modulation technique has been studied to solve this problem. On the other hand, TDD method has been studied to use a transmitter antenna diversity as pre-diversity against flat fading (non-selective fading). Our proposed system merges these two methods in a micro-cellular system as follows. On the reverse link, the base station can select the best combination between the carriers and antennas after receiving the multi-carrier signal from the mobile station. On the forward link, the same combination selected on the reverse link can be used to send the signal from the base station with multi-antenna to the mobile station with a single antenna and produces pre-diversity (transmitter diversity) effect which can reduce the complexity at the mobile station. The pre-diversity must be based on TDD function because the channel has to be observed before the signal transimission. By computer simulations we find that our proposed system can achieve far better performance than conventional systems.

M-ary orthogonal keying (MOK) systems under carrier frequency offset (CFO) are investigated. It is shown that spurious signals are introduced by the offset frequency components of spectrum after multiplication in correlation detection process, and some conditions on robust orthogonal signal sets are derived. Walsh function sets are found to be very weak against CFO, since they produce large spurious signals. As robust orthogonal signal sets against CFO, the rows of circulant Hadamard matrices are proposed and their error performanses are evaluated. The results show that they are good M-ary orthogonal signal sets in the presence of CFO.

A channel coding which combines convolutional coding and M-ary PSK/orthogonal multi-carrier (MPSK/OMC) transmission is proposed. A coding gain is achieved without sacrificing the data rate or occupying extra bandwidth. The proposed coding formula is that the imformation data bits of bit interval Ts are serial to parallel converted to P parallel branches where each branch has a bit interval Tp = PTs. The data bits of the parallel branches are encoded through a rate nP/(n + 1)(2P - 1) convolutional encoding process and the total (n+1)(2P-1) symbol of the encoder output is transmitted by 2P - 1 OMCs where each carrier is modulated by MPSK/OMC (M = 2n + 1). Following performance analysis of a coding form using rate P/(2P - 1) convolutional encoder and BPSK/OMC modulation, a general channel coding combining convolutional coding and MPSK/OMC modulation is discussed.

Hot-carrier degradation of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) was investigated by a reliability simulator known as BERT. The appropriate monitor of VCO frequency degradation shifts from the saturated drain current of an N MOSFET to linear drain current with an increase in VCO input voltage. The degradation of the VCO drastically increases with a small reduction in initial oscillation frequency. These results imply the need for an appropriate reliability margin around the standard operating point as well as a performance margin, which cannot be achieved by using conventional drain current monitors.

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the combination of direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and multi-carrier (MC) modulation for high bit rate indoor wireless systems. In this work we consider the downlink of a cellular MC DS-CDMA system. In particular, we evaluate the performance of some detection schemes considering typical indoor radio channels. Channel estimation techniques are investigated and an effective sub-channel estimation technique is proposed. Moreover, we compare the performance of two equalization techniques combined with two space diversity combining schemes. The results show that good performance can be obtained by a post-detection diversity selection scheme combined with a MMSE equalization technique; moreover, if a proper guard time is selected, performance is almost independent of the number of paths of the channel's impulse response. Results are given in terms of BER obtained by means of analytical computations and simulations.

The performance of an M-ary spread-spectrum multiple-access (M-ary/SSMA) scheme in the presence of carrier frequency offset is discussed in this paper. The influence of carrier frequency offset on the non-coherent reception of M-ary/SSMA signals is examined and it is shown that the carrier frequency offset degrades the performance remarkably, yet. this influence has a distinctive property. Making use of this property, we propose a new M-ary/SSMA scheme that can mitigate the influence of the carrier frequency offset. The scheme is based on the assignment of two distinctive Hadamard codes to in-phase and quadrature components of the transmitted signal. The effect of simultaneous transmission is evaluated in terms of bit-error-rate performance with the carrier frequency offset. As the result, it is observed that the satisfactory bit-error-rate performance can be achieved in the presence of carrier frequendy offset.

A hybrid network architecture using subcarrier multiplexed optical fiber (SCMOL) and coaxial cable is proposed in this paper for the access link of future personal communication systems (PCS) between tiny passive radio base stations in microcells and remote central base stations. Results indicate that the required number of laser diodes, photodetectors and amount of fiber could be reduced by more than 4 times with the proposed hybrid access link compared to the point-to-point SCMOL link and the network cost would decrease proportionally.

This paper proposes a new digitized group modulator for radio base station transmitters of multi-carrier TDMA. This group modulator can flexibly set carrier spacing and features a simple construction as a result of employing the Simple Fractional Sampling technique. A group modulator LSI was designed and built using 0.5-µm BiCMOS technology, and a π/4-shifted QPSK group modulator was constructed using this LSI. Experiments confirm that the modulator simultaneously generates multiple carriers in a wide bandwidth without the need for precise adjustment and there is little difference between each of the carriers in terms of BER performance. Moreover, experiments confirm that the group modulator's burst-output (frequency hopping) performance is excellent.

This paper overviews fiber-oriented wireless communication systems, particularly in the area of microcell systems. The benefits of fiber-oriented wireless systems are discussed focusing on an application board scheme to facilitate new service deployment in light of intelligent networks. Dynamic range improvement technologies to remove interference are highlighted. Overall system performance is calculated for an economical FP-LD. Furthermore, effective modem use and a potential diversity technique are introduced. This strategy will play a role in realizing flexible fiber-optic subscriber networks.

This paper proposes a new digitized group modulator and demodulator (a group modem) for adaptive frequency hopping and multi-carrier (AFHMC) radio systems. The group modem can flexibly vary the number of carriers handled simultaneously, especially employing a time division multiplexing technique in the demodulator. We discuss the operational principle of the modem. The required operational clock frequency in the group demodulator is also examined and clarified taking into consideration the frequency characteristics of the baseband filter. The basic performance of the proposed configuration is measured experimentally by constructing a π/4-shift QPSK group modulator and a π/4-shift QPSK group demodulator. First, by measuring the output spectrum of the significant parts in the demodulator, we confirm that the basic operational performance conforms to the design specifications. Secondly, investigating the relationship between the number of multiplexed low-pass filter taps and the required CNR when multiple carriers are simultaneously input confirms that more than 40 taps are enough to obtain the best BER performance in this experiment. Next, examining the relationship between the number of carriers simultaneously input, the required CNR, and the input level of these carriers confirm that the required CNR is roughly constant and there is no significant difference among the cases when D/U is more than 0 dB. Finally, an experiment shows that the required number of quantization bits for A/D input in the demodulator is more than 6, which is enough to obtain the best BER even if simultaneous handled carriers are 4.

The degradation of I-V characteristics under constant emitter-base reverse voltage stress in advanced self-aligned bipolar transistors was analyzed. Experimental analyses have been taken the stress field effect into account when predicting hot-carrier degradation. These analyses showed that base current starts to increase when the reverse voltage stress is about 3 V. The dependence of the base current change on reverse voltages of more than 3 V was also investigated experimentally, and equations expressing hot-carrier degradation in terms of the exponential dependence of excess base current on both reverse stress voltage and stress-enhancing voltage related to emitter-base breakdown voltage were derived.

This paper proposes a novel optical modulator for a millimeter wave (MMW) subcarrier optic link. The modulator enables the bi-phase modulation of MMW subcarriers. It simplifies the optic link by unifying such functions as IF modulation, up-convertion to MMW, and optical modulation, which are separately equipped in a conventional system. A simple model of a Mach-Zehnder external optical modulator (EOM) is used to illustrate how bi-phase modulation of millimeter wave (MMW) subcarriers can be accomplished by switching the EOM bias with a binary data signal. Experimental results are presented to confirm predictions. A wideband communications test system employing the EOM as a bi-phase modulator and utilizing spread spectrum modulation (1.3 µm optical wavelength, 40 GHz subcarrier, 100 MHz chip rate, 10MHz data rate) was developed. Bit error rate (BER) characteristics of an optical link that includes the proposed modulator are presented and compared with ideal performance and simulated predictions. Degradation of the BER characteristics from the simulation was less than 1 dB at a BER of 10-6. A frequency doubling subcarrier bi-phase modulator is also described.

To realize better bit error rate performance in fast fading environments, this paper proposes the open loop reverse modulation carrier recovery scheme which employs a new open loop carrier extractor and regenerator instead of using a feed back loop. The proposed scheme realizes stable regenerated carrier signals to achieve low bit error rate not only under additive white Gaussian noise environments but also under fast fading environments. Computer simulations clarify that the proposed scheme always achieves better bit error rates than conventional differential detection or coherent detection with feed back loops under the various fading environments examined.

This paper presents the performance of optically controlled MESFETs as photodetectors. The optical performance characteristics such as optic-to-electric responsivity, and BER for a π/4-QPSK signal are experimentally investigated. Measurements are performed by using MMIC compatible MESFETs. Experimental results are also evaluated in comparison with calculated PIN-PD limit. Optic-to-electric responsivity has high gain at lower received optical powers. It is shown experimentally that MESFET photodetectors improve the permissible optical power by 6 dB compared to the PIN-PD limit. Optically controlled MESFETs will provide a novel receivers for fiber-optic systems.

This paper describes the performance of a predistorter implementation to a superluminescent diode (SLD) in fiber-optic wireless systems under the optical reflection. SLD intensity noise and 3rd-order intermodulation distortion (IM3) are experimentally compared with those of DFB-and FP-LD. It is observed that the IM3 of SLD has ideal 3rd characteristics and output noise remains unchanged against the number of optical connectors. It is also found that the predistorter reduces IM3 by 8 dB. Receiver sensitivity of the system is discussed from the view point of overall design. the BER performance of an SLD with predistorter using a π/4-QPSK signal as a subcarrier is also described theoretically and experimentally.

This work deals with thermal-noise modeling for silicon vertical bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and relevant integrated circuits (ICs) operating at low currents. The two-junction BJT compact model is consistently derived from the thermal-noise generalization of the Shockley semiconductor equations developed in work which treats thermal noise as the noise associated with carrier velocity fluctuations. This model describes BJT with the Itô non-linear stochastic-differential-equation (SDE) system and is suitable for large-signal large-fluctuation analysis. It is shown that thermal noise in silicon p-n-junction diode contributes to "microplasma" noise. The above model opens way for a consistent-modeling-based design/optimization of bipolar device noise performance with the help of theory of Itô's SDEs.

This paper discusses the performance of non-coherent reception for M-ary spread-spectrum (M-ary/SS) signals in the presence of carrier frequency offset. In general, the M-ary/SS scheme is expected to be of higher spectral efficiency than the conventional DS/SS schemes, but its performance may be degraded by the carrier frequency offset. We, therefore, analyze the effect of carrier frequency offset on the performance of the non-coherent M-ary/SS system with orthogonal modulation using a set of sequences generated by the Hadamard matrix. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the carrier frequency offset may cause a great deal of degradation in the performance, and that its effect has a distinctive property which is due to the characteristic of Hadamard matrix, at the same time. Making use of this property, we propose two schemes that can mitigate the effect of carrier frequency offset: one is based on choise of the code sequences, the other is on the error correcting code. The effectiveness of the schemes is evaluated in the terms of symbol-error-rates through analysis and computer simulation.

The throughput performance of the non-persistent carrier sense spread spectrum with overload detection (NP-CSSS/OD) protocol is analysed and compared with that of the conventional non-persistent and one-persistent carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (NP-CSMA/CD and 1P-CSMA/CD) and the one-persistent carrier sense spread spectrum with overload detection (1P-CSSS/OD) protocols. We also introduced utilization measurements and did some performance comparisons between these protocols. At high offered loads, the NP-CSSS/OD protocol is found to offer the best throughput and utilization performances amongst them.

This paper discusses advanced wireless communication technologies for achieving future high-speed mobile radios. Mainly, five technical fields are considered, that is, multi-level modulation for transmitting high-capacity information signal, advanced adaptive wireless system flexibly changing modulation level, symbol rate and traffic according to fading conditions, adaptive multicarrier system transmitting multimedia signals by changing the number of carrier according to the capacity of the signals, new CDMA techniques for mapping different bit rate services onto the same allocated bandwidth at the same time, and optical-linked microcellular communication system with millimeter wave air interface.

To support high bit rate and high quality indoor radio communication systems, we have to solve intersymbol interference (ISI) problem caused by frequency-selective fading. Recently multi-carrier modulation technique is considered to be one of the effective methods for this problem. In this paper we propose Partial Frequency ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) system which can achieve effective ARQ scheme for multi-carrier packet communication. This system operates partial retransmission of erroneous power faded packets, and it is superior to the traditional ARQ systems. Furthermore two different protocols are examined for this system: Static Carrier Assignment (SCA) and Dynamic Carrier Assignment (DCA). By computer simulation we found that DCA method can achieve better performance than SCA in terms of both throughput and packet transmission delay.