Vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber is being used as an in-situ EMC test equipment for large and complex systems such as automobiles and aircrafts. In this paper, the stirring conditions, such as tightness and shaking amplitude of the walls, of a vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber have been analyzed using the method of moments. From the viewpoint of quantitative evaluation of the flexible moving walls configuration, it was found that the random electromagnetic environment can be generated under the stirring conditions of loose configuration and a shaking amplitude more than one eighth of the wavelength at the test frequency above the lowest usable frequency.

When BJTs are irradiated by gamma rays, interface trapped charges and positive oxide trapped charges are formed by ionization at the Si-SiO2 interface and SiO2 regions, respectively. These trapped charges affect the movement of carriers depending on the type of BJT. This paper presents experimental results regarding operating characteristics of gamma irradiated pnp Si BJTs.

Quantum combinatorial designs are gaining popularity in quantum information theory. Quantum Latin squares can be used to construct mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases and unitary error bases. Here we present a general method for constructing quantum Latin arrangements from irredundant orthogonal arrays. As an application of the method, many new quantum Latin arrangements are obtained. We also find a sufficient condition such that the improved quantum orthogonal arrays [10] are equivalent to quantum Latin arrangements. We further prove that an improved quantum orthogonal array can produce a quantum uniform state.

Automobile companies have been trying to replace side mirrors of cars with small cameras for reducing air resistance. It enables us to apply some image processing to improve the quality of the image. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is one of such techniques to improve the quality of the image for the side mirror camera, which requires a large computation performance. Here, an implementation method of CLAHE on a low-end FPGA board by high-level synthesis is proposed. CLAHE has two main processing parts: cumulative distribution function (CDF) generation, and bilinear interpolation. During the CDF generation, the effect of increasing loop initiation interval can be greatly reduced by placing multiple Processing Elements (PEs). and during the interpolation, latency and BRAM usage were reduced by revising how to hold CDF and calculation method. Finally, by connecting each module with streaming interfaces, using data flow pragmas, overlapping processing, and hiding data transfer, our HLS implementation achieved a comparable result to that of HDL. We parameterized the components of the algorithm so that the number of tiles and the size of the image can be easily changed. The source code for this research can be downloaded from https://github.com/kokihonda/fpga_clahe.

In this work, we introduce notions of quantum frequency arrangements consisting of quantum frequency squares, cubes, hypercubes and a notion of orthogonality between them. We also propose a notion of quantum mixed orthogonal array (QMOA). By using irredundant mixed orthogonal array proposed by Goyeneche et al. we can obtain k-uniform states of heterogeneous systems from quantum frequency arrangements and QMOAs. Furthermore, some examples are presented to illustrate our method.

In this paper, we propose a notion for high-dimensional generalizations of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) and mutually orthogonal diagonal Latin squares (MODLS), called mutually dimensionally orthogonal d-cubes (MOC) and mutually dimensionally orthogonal diagonal d-cubes (MODC). Systematic constructions for MOC and MODC by using polynomials over finite fields are investigated. In particular, for 3-dimensional cubes, the results for the maximum possible number of MODC are improved by adopting the proposed construction.

A planar electromagnetic field stirrer with periodically arranged metal patterns and diode switches is proposed for improving uneven heating of a heated object placed in a microwave oven. The reflection phase of the proposed stirrer changes by switching the states of diodes mounted on the stirrer and the electromagnetic field in the microwave oven is stirred. The temperature distribution of a heated object located in a microwave oven was simulated and measured using the stirrer in order to evaluate the improving effect of the uneven heating. As the result, the heated parts of the objects were changed with the diode states and the improving effect of the uneven heating was experimentally indicated.

Biometric template protection techniques have been proposed to address security and privacy issues inherent to biometric-based authentication systems. However, it has been shown that the robustness of most of such techniques against reversibility and linkability attacks are overestimated. Thus, a thorough security analysis of recently proposed template protection schemes has to be carried out. Negative iris recognition is an interesting iris template protection scheme based on the concept of negative databases. In this paper, we present a comprehensive security analysis of this scheme in order to validate its practical usefulness. Although the authors of negative iris recognition claim that their scheme possesses both irreversibility and unlinkability, we demonstrate that more than 75% of the original iris-code bits can be recovered using a single protected template. Moreover, we show that the negative iris recognition scheme is vulnerable to attacks via record multiplicity where an adversary can combine several transformed templates to recover more proportion of the original iris-code. Finally, we demonstrate that the scheme does not possess unlinkability. The experimental results, on the CASIA-IrisV3 Interval public database, support our theory and confirm that the negative iris recognition scheme is susceptible to reversibility, linkability, and record multiplicity attacks.

The interval in ℕ composed of finite states of the stream version of asymmetric binary systems (ABS) is irreducible if it admits an irreducible finite-state Markov chain. We say that the stream version of ABS is irreducible if its interval is irreducible. Duda gave a necessary condition for the interval to be irreducible. For a probability vector (p,1-p), we assume that p is irrational. Then, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the interval to be irreducible. The obtained conditions imply that, for a sufficiently small ε, if p∈(1/2,1/2+ε), then the stream version of ABS could not be practically irreducible.

Cross sections that cause single event upsets by heavy ions are sensitive to doping concentration in the source and drain regions, and the structure of the raised source and drain regions especially in FDSOI. Due to the parasitic bipolar effect (PBE), radiation-hardened flip flops with stacked transistors in FDSOI tend to have soft errors, which is consistent with measurement results by heavy-ion irradiation. Device-simulation results in this study show that the cross section is proportional to the silicon thickness of the raised layer and inversely proportional to the doping concentration in the drain. Increasing the doping concentration in the source and drain region enhance the Auger recombination of carriers there and suppresses the parasitic bipolar effect. PBE is also suppressed by decreasing the silicon thickness of the raised layer. Cgg-Vgs and Ids-Vgs characteristics change smaller than soft error tolerance change. Soft error tolerance can be effectively optimized by using these two determinants with only a small impact on transistor characteristics.

In DNA data storage and computation, DNA strands are required to meet certain combinatorial constraints. This paper shows how some of these constraints can be achieved simultaneously. First, we use the algebraic structure of irreducible cyclic codes over finite fields to generate cyclic DNA codes that satisfy reverse and complement properties. We show how such DNA codes can meet constant guanine-cytosine content constraint by MacWilliams-Seery algorithm. Second, we consider fulfilling the run-length constraint in parallel with the above constraints, which allows a maximum predetermined number of consecutive duplicates of the same symbol in each DNA strand. Since irreducible cyclic codes can be represented in terms of the trace function over finite field extensions, the linearity of the trace function is used to fulfill a predefined run-length constraint. Thus, we provide an algorithm for constructing cyclic DNA codes with the above properties including run-length constraint. We show numerical examples to demonstrate our algorithms generating such a set of DNA strands with all the prescribed constraints.

Recently proposed irregular networks can reduce the latency for both on-chip and off-chip systems with a large number of computing nodes and thus can improve the performance of parallel applications. However, these networks usually suffer from deadlocks in routing packets when using a naive minimal path routing algorithm. To solve this problem, we focus attention on a lately proposed theory that generalizes the turn model to maintain the network performance with deadlock-freedom. The theorems remain a challenge of applying themselves to arbitrary topologies including fully irregular networks. In this paper, we advance the theorems to completely general ones. Moreover, we provide a feasible implementation of a deadlock-free routing method based on our advanced theorem. Experimental results show that the routing method based on our proposed theorem can improve the network throughput by up to 138 % compared to a conventional deterministic minimal routing method. Moreover, when utilized as the escape path in Duato's protocol, it can improve the throughput by up to 26.3 % compared with the conventional up*/down* routing.

In this paper, we propose a novel method to extrinsically calibrate a camera to a 3D reference object that is not directly visible from the camera. We use a human cornea as a spherical mirror and calibrate the extrinsic parameters from the reflections of the reference points. The main contribution of this paper is to present a cornea-reflection-based calibration algorithm with a simple configuration: five reference points on a single plane and one mirror pose. In this paper, we derive a linear equation and obtain a closed-form solution of extrinsic calibration by introducing two ideas. The first is to model the cornea as a virtual sphere, which enables us to estimate the center of the cornea sphere from its projection. The second is to use basis vectors to represent the position of the reference points, which enables us to deal with 3D information of reference points compactly. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method with qualitative and quantitative evaluations using synthesized and real data.

A current mirror circuit is often used in Gm-cells and current amplifiers in order to obtain high linearity and high accurate current gain. However, it is expected that a threshold voltage mismatch between transistors pair in the current mirror affects these performances in recent scaled technologies. In this paper, negative effects caused by the mismatch in the current mirror are considered and a new calibration technique for the mismatch issues is proposed. In the current mirror without the mismatch, the high-linearity operation is provided by distortion canceling under the condition that the transistors have the same operating points. The threshold voltage mismatch disturbs the cancellation, therefore the distortion is appeared. In order to address the issue, a new calibration technique using a backgating effect is considered. This calibration can reduce the threshold voltage mismatch directly by controlling the body bias voltage with DACs. According to simulation results with Monte Carlo sampling in 65nm CMOS process, owing to the proposed calibration, the worst HD2 and HD3 are improved by 18.4dB and 11.6dB, respectively. In addition, the standard deviation of the current gain is reduced from 399mdB to 34mdB.

Image sensor communication (ISC), derived from visible light communication (VLC) is an attractive solution for outdoor mobile environments, particularly for intelligent transport systems (ITS). In ITS-ISC, tracking a transmitter in the image plane is critical issue since vehicle vibrations make it difficult to selsct the correct pixels for data reception. Our goal in this study is to develop a precise tracking method. To accomplish this, vehicle vibration modeling and its parameters estimation, i.e., represetative frequencies and their amplitudes for inherent vehicle vibration, and the variance of the Gaussian random process represnting road surface irregularity, are required. In this paper, we measured actual vehicle vibration in a driving situation and determined parameters based on the frequency characteristics. Then, we demonstrate that vehicle vibration that induces transmitter displacement in an image plane can be modeled by only Gaussian random processes that represent road surface irregularity when a high frame rate (e.g., 1000fps) image sensor is used as an ISC receiver. The simplified vehicle vibration model and its parameters are evaluated by numerical analysis and experimental measurement and obtained result shows that the proposed model can reproduce the characteristics of the transmitter displacement sufficiently.

This study involves proposing a high-speed computer-generated hologram playback by using a digital micromirror device for high-definition spatiotemporal division multiplexing electroholography. Consequently, the results indicated that the study successfully reconstructed a high-definition 3-D movie of 3-D objects that was comprised of approximately 900,000 points at 60 fps when each frame was divided into twelve parts.

Train-borne video captured from the camera installed in the front or back of the train has been used for railway environment surveillance, including missing communication units and bolts on the track, broken fences, unpredictable objects falling into the rail area or hanging on wires on the top of rails. Moreover, the track condition can be perceived visually from the video by observing and analyzing the train-swaying arising from the track irregularity. However, it's a time-consuming and labor-intensive work to examine the whole large scale video up to dozens of hours frequently. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method to detect the train-swaying quickly and automatically. We first generate the long rail track panorama (RTP) by stitching the stripes cut from the video frames, and then extract track profile to perform the unevenness detection algorithm on the RTP. The experimental results show that RTP, the compact video representation, can fast examine the visual train-swaying information for track condition perceiving, on which we detect the irregular spots with 92.86% recall and 82.98% precision in only 2 minutes computation from the video close to 1 hour.

This paper expands Bartlett's bisection theorem. The theory of modal S-parameters and their circuit representation is constructed from a group-theoretic perspective. Criteria for the division of a circuit at a fixed node whose state is distinguished by the irreducible representation of its stabilizer subgroup are obtained, after being inductively introduced using simple circuits as examples. Because these criteria use only circuit symmetry and do not require human judgment, the distinction is reliable and implementable in a computer. With this knowledge, the entire circuit can be characterized by a finite combination of smaller circuits. Reducing the complexity of symmetric circuits contributes to improved insights into their characterization, and to savings of time and effort in calculations when applied to large-scale circuits. A three-phase filter and a branch-line coupler are analyzed as application examples of circuit and electromagnetic field analysis, respectively.

This letter proposes an Index based on Irregular Partition of data identifiers (IIP), to enable clients to quickly access multiple data items on a wireless broadcast channel. IIP improves the access time by reducing the index waiting time when clients access multiple data items, through the use of irregular partitioning of the identifier space of data items. Our performance evaluation shows that with respect to access time, the proposed IIP outperforms the existing index schemes supporting multiple data access.

Effects of electron beam irradiation at 15 keV on graphene are investigated by optical and electron characterization using Raman and two-terminal resistance measurement and photoconductivity measurement. In Raman spectra, increase of defects in D-peak to G-peak ratio by increase of electron irradiation by 70 mC/cm2 was found. Resistance of graphene showed an increase after the irradiation. Rather sensitive change was found in photoconductivity of irradiated graphene under ultra-violet (UV) illumination, suggesting irradiation induced defects affect a photoconductivity properties of the graphene.