Artificial intelligence and the introduction of Internet of Things technologies have benefited from technological advances and new automated computer system technologies. Eventually, it is now possible to integrate them into a single offline industrial system. This is accomplished through machine-to-machine communication, which eliminates the human factor. The purpose of this article is to examine security systems for machine-to-machine communication systems that rely on identification and authentication algorithms for real-time monitoring. The article investigates security methods for quickly resolving data processing issues by using the Security operations Center’s main machine to identify and authenticate devices from 19 different machines. The results indicate that when machines are running offline and performing various tasks, they can be exposed to data leaks and malware attacks by both the individual machine and the system as a whole. The study looks at the operation of 19 computers, 7 of which were subjected to data leakage and malware attacks. AnyLogic software is used to create visual representations of the results using wireless networks and algorithms based on previously processed methods. The W76S is used as a protective element within intelligent sensors due to its built-in memory protection. For 4 machines, the data leakage time with malware attacks was 70 s. For 10 machines, the duration was 150 s with 3 attacks. Machine 15 had the longest attack duration, lasting 190 s and involving 6 malware attacks, while machine 19 had the shortest attack duration, lasting 200 s and involving 7 malware attacks. The highest numbers indicated that attempting to hack a system increased the risk of damaging a device, potentially resulting in the entire system with connected devices failing. Thus, illegal attacks by attackers using malware may be identified over time, and data processing effects can be prevented by intelligent control. The results reveal that applying identification and authentication methods using a protocol increases cyber-physical system security while also allowing real-time monitoring of offline system security.

With rapid growth of producing high-resolution digital contents such as Full HD, 4K, and 8K movies, the demand for low cost and high throughput sharing of content files is increasing at digital content productions. In order to meet this demand, we have proposed DRIP (Distributed chunks Retrieval and Integration Procedure), a storage and retrieval mechanism for large file sharing using forward error correction (FEC) and global dispersed storage. DRIP was confirmed that it contributes to low cost and high throughput sharing. This paper describes the design and implementation of Content Espresso, a distributed large file sharing system for digital content productions using DRIP, and presents performance evaluations. We set up experimental environment using 79 physical machines including 72 inexpensive storage servers, and evaluate file metadata access performance, file storage/retrieval performance, FEC block size, and system availability by emulating global environments. The results confirm that Content Espresso has capability to deal with 15,000 requests per second, achieves 1 Gbps for file storage, and achieves more than 3 Gbps for file retrieval. File storage and retrieval performance are not significantly affected by the network conditions. Thus, we conclude that Content Espresso is capable of a global scale file sharing system for digital content productions.

The growing demand for high-speed data communication has continued to meet the need for ever-increasing I/O bandwidth in recent VLSI systems. However, signal integrity issues, such as intersymbol interference (ISI) and reflections, make the channel band-limited at high-speed data rates. We propose high-speed data transmission techniques for VLSI systems using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP). Because THP can eliminate ISI by inverting the characteristics of channels with limited peak and average power at the transmitter, it is suitable for implementing advanced low-voltage and high-speed VLSI systems. This paper presents a novel double-rate THP equalization technique especially intended for multi-valued data transmission to further improve THP performance. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed THP equalization with a double sampling rate can enhance the data transition time and, therefore, improve the eye opening.

The new generation of telemedicine systems enables healthcare service providers to monitor patients not only in the hospital but also when they are at home. In order to efficiently exploit these systems, human information collected from end devices must be sent to the medical center through reliable data transmission. In this paper, we propose an adaptive relay transmission scheme to improve the reliability of data transmission for wireless body area networks. In our proposal, relay nodes that have successfully decoded a packet from the source node are selected as relay nodes in which the best relay with the highest channel gain is selected to forward the failed packet instead of the source node. The scheme addresses both the data collision problem and the inefficient relay selection in relay transmission. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides a better performance than previous works in terms of the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

In this paper, we propose an analytical approach for adaptive decode-and-forward (ADF) relaying schemes consisting of burst data transmission based on pilot symbol assisted-channel estimation (PSA-CE) methods over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. At first, we focus on the error-event at relay nodes in which the transmission mode switching is carried out burst by burst, whereas previous studies assumed the transmission mode switching symbol-by-symbol, thus showing lower error rate bound. Under consideration of burst transmission for ADF relay systems, we derive exact error rate expressions which better estimate the performance of actual systems. Then, the average bit and burst error rates are derived in approximated expressions for an arbitrary link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) related with channel estimation errors. Their accuracy is confirmed by comparison with simulation results. Furthermore, ADF relay systems with PSA-CE schemes are confirmed to select correctly decoded relay nodes without additional signaling between relay nodes and the destination node and it is verified to achieve the performance at a cost of negligible SNR loss.

This paper introduces a partially parallel inter-chip link architecture for asynchronous multi-chip Network-on-Chips (NoCs). The multi-chip NoCs that operate as a large NoC have been recently proposed for very large systems, such as automotive applications. Inter-chip links are key elements to realize high-performance multi-chip NoCs using a limited number of I/Os. The proposed asynchronous link based on level-encoded dual-rail (LEDR) encoding transmits several bits in parallel that are received by detecting the phase information of the LEDR signals at each serial link. It employs a burst-mode data transmission that eliminates a per-bit handshake for a high-speed operation, but the elimination may cause data-transmission errors due to cross-talk and power-supply noises. For triggering data retransmission, errors are detected from the embedded phase information; error-detection codes are not used. The throughput is theoretically modelled and is optimized by considering the bit-error rate (BER) of the link. Using delay parameters estimated for a 0.13 µm CMOS technology, the throughput of 8.82 Gbps is achieved by using 10 I/Os, which is 90.5% higher than that of a link using 9 I/Os without an error-detection method operating under negligible low BER (<10-20).

We design and fabricate a double-layer hollow-waveguide slot array antenna with wide bandwidth and high antenna efficiency for the 120 GHz band. The antenna is fabricated by diffusion bonding of laminated thin metal plates for high precision and perfect electrical contact. The 1616-element antenna shows more than 70% antenna efficiency over a 13 GHz bandwidth. Furthermore, it realizes error-free data transmission in 2.5 m distance at up to 10 Gbit/s. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the design and fabrication of a high-efficiency wideband planar antenna for the 120 GHz band.

To provide robust wireless data transmission over fading channels, various schemes which involve the use of relays have been proposed. In some of those schemes, the relay chooses not to forward the received message if its reliability is deemed as too low. Some researchers refer to such schemes as selective decode-and-forward. Our work in this paper falls into such a category. More specifically speaking, the relay in our system is a censorial relay (a relay that performs censorial task). It evaluates the reliability, in terms of log likelihood ratio (LLR), of a received data bit (from the source). If its LLR magnitude is below some preset threshold, then it is censored (i.e. not sent to the destination). When the channel is Rayleigh faded, closed-form bit error rate (BER) expressions for the proposed system are derived for several scenarios. Those scenarios are differentiated by the availability of an energy detector (ED) and the various degrees of knowledge regarding the channel state information (CSI). Aided by those closed-form BER expressions, the system parameters can be efficiently optimized to achieve the minimum BER. Simulation results are observed to closely match theoretical values, as computed by the afore-mentioned closed-form BER expressions. As compared to some existing relay-assisted systems in which censoring is incorporated, the performance of our system is better in terms of BER when the same amount of CSI is exploited.

A scheme that modulates the training sequence is proposed to support two-layer data streams in the time domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplex (TDS-OFDM) systems. A theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the proposed scheme works well and that the two layer data streams are compatible with each other.

Acoustic data transmission is a technique which embeds data in a sound wave imperceptibly and detects it at a receiver. The data are embedded in an original audio signal and transmitted through the air by playing back the data-embedded audio using a loudspeaker. At the receiver, the data are extracted from the received audio signal captured by a microphone. In our previous work, we proposed an acoustic data transmission system designed based on phase modification of the modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT) coefficients. In this paper, we propose the spectral magnitude adjustment (SMA) technique which not only enhances the quality of the data-embedded audio signal but also improves the transmission performance of the system.

We propose a data transmission method for resonant wireless power transmission systems. In order to transmit data, we use the coils originally designed for power transmission, no additional antennas are required. We focus on uplink data transmission and adopt the load modulation technique. This configuration yields mid-range data transmission without transmitting power. In addition, the proposal enables simultaneous power feeding and uplink data transmission. We make a prototype demonstrating resonant wireless power transmission and measure its S-parameter under some load conditions. The results confirm the potential of load modulation in supporting uplink data transmission. Additionally, the results are elucidated by analyzing an equivalent circuit. Measured S-parameter and equivalent circuit response are found to be similar.

In this paper, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) over Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)/IP parallel transmission system is proposed to realize large TCP/IP throughput. The proposed system enables SCTP/IP connection between switches by protocol stacking. The proposed system is implemented on a software switch to evaluate its performance. The evaluation result indicates that proposed system can achieve 90% throughput compared with serial transmission when the delay difference among parallel routes is 20 msec.

In this paper, we propose a novel Hidden-terminal and Exposed-terminal Interference aware routing metric (HEI-ETT) for Multi-Radio and Multi-Rate wireless mesh networks in which each stationary mesh node is equipped with multi-radio interfaces that relays traffic to the extend networks by using multi-hop transmissions. We have two main design goals for HEI-ETT. First, we will characterize interferences as Hidden-terminal Interference and Exposed-terminal Interference regardless of inter- or intra-flow interference and should take into account both interference effects while computing the path metric. Second, an efficient transmission rate adaptation should be employed in HEI-ETT to enhance the network throughput. We incorporated our metric in well known Optimized Link State Routing protocol version 2 (OLSRv2) which is one of the two standard routing protocols for MANETs and evaluated the performance of our metric by simulation. The results show that our metric outperforms existing metrics such as ETX, ETT and WCETT.

We propose a stereo transmission technique using infrared rays and pulse density modulation (PDM) for digital wireless audio headphone systems. The main feature of the proposed technique is the use of two channels for transmission: the PDM data channel and the synchronized clock channel. This technique improves receiver characteristics to a noise floor of -80 dB and a second distortion of 62 dB and achieves a very low power consumption of 3.5 mW.

This article presents an indoor positioning and communication platform, using fluorescent lights. We set up a practical implementation of a VLC (Visible Light Communication) system in a University building. To finalize this work, it is important that we analyze the properties of the reception signal, especially the length of the data string that can be received at different walking speed. In this paper, we present a model and a series of formulae for analyzing the relationship between positioning signal availability and other important parameters, such as sensor angle, walking speed, data transmission rate, etc. We report a series of real-life experiments using VLC system and compare the results with those generated by the formula. The outcome is an improved design for determination of the reception area with more than 97% accurate signals, and an optimal transmission data length, and transmission rate.

Data transmission via audio link on AM radio system is shown to be achievable by using Acoustic OFDM. We employ Acoustic OFDM to embed data onto audio contents that are then broadcast as AM radio signals. We tuned the parameters, and performed experiments. Text data as URL can be delivered to mobile phone through existing MF AM radio system and radios.

The high-end telecom terminal and PDAs, sometimes called Personal Trusted Devices (PTDs) are programmable, have tens of megabytes memory, and rather fast processors. In this paper we analyze, when it is energy-efficient to transfer application data compressed over the downlink and then decompress it at the terminal, or compress it first at the terminal and then send it compressed over up-link. These questions are meaningful in the context of usual application code or data and streams that are stored before presentation and require lossless compression methods to be used. We deduce an analytical model and assess the model parameters based on experiments in 2G (GSM) and 3G (FOMA) network. The results indicate that if the reduction through compression in size of the file to be downloaded is higher than ten per cent, energy is saved as compared to receiving the file uncompressed. For the upload case even two percent reduction in size is enough for energy savings at the terminal with the current transmission speeds and observed energy parameters. If time is saved using compressed files during transmission, then energy is certainly saved. From energy savings at the terminal we cannot deduce time savings, however. Energy and time consumed at the server for compression/decompression is considered negligible in this context and ignored. The same holds for the base stations and other fixed telecom infrastructure components.

We present low-cost millimeter-wave (MMW) photonic techniques for implementing gigabit/s wireless links. A passive mode-locked laser consisting of a Fabry-Perot laser and a single-mode fiber is used to generate 120-GHz optical MMW signals. We modulated these MMW signals by controlling the bias voltage of the photodiode. The MMW generation and modulation methods do not need expensive photonic components or high-power drivers. A link employing these low-cost photonic techniques achieved 1.25-Gbit/s wireless data transmission.

In conventional Web Geographic Information System (GIS), there are serious drawbacks of high waiting time and low accessibility because the subsequent query has to wait until all the spatial data has been completely transmitted. In addressing these problems, this paper proposes a progressive transmission method which can reduce waiting time and increase accessibility. The proposed method has the following steps. First, significant vertices of geographic objects are selected into based on an algorithm, Priority_Order_Estimation (POE). Second, the selected vertices are inserted the data structure, Priority_Order_Queue (POQ). This allows a client to view, to request and occasionally to reject spatial data, rather than waiting for the whole map to arrive. Third, the transmission steps are processed progressively, where significant vertices of POQ are sent from server to client one by one. In the final step, if necessary, the entire spatial data set of SENDOBJSP, which is a transmission structure, is transmitted so that the original map is accurately displayed. The performance of the system proposed here has been evaluated according to the factors such as system response time and client storage space. For the comparisons, the total transmission method, layer transmission method and the proposed four-step transmission method were used. Compared with the conventional Web-based GIS, the system response time is twenty-two percent shorter and client storage space is reduced by about twenty-one percent. As a result, performance improvement, fast response time and less client storage usage, is achieved. Therefore, the proposed method can make a significant contribution in support of Web-based Vector GIS applications such as Environmental Management, Map On Demand Service and Assessment and Planning System.

A hybrid data transmission technique for multimedia satellite broadcasting is proposed. The main-channel data and sub-channel data are simultaneously transmitted using QPSK modulation and 2ASK modulation, respectively, but the latter modulation timing is offset by half the main-channel QPSK symbol length in time. The BER performance in a Gaussian channel, the transmission bandwidth, and the transmit power peak factor are theoretically analyzed for various impulse responses of the sub-channel transmit filter. It is found that the use of the sub-channel transmit filter having a sine impulse response minimizes the sub-channel BER while keeping the transmission bandwidth and the transmit power peak factor lower than those of CAPSK transmission.