Wireless full duplex (FD) communication can double the point-to-point throughput. To fully realize the benefits of the FD technique in wireless local area networks (WLANs), it is important to design the medium access control (MAC) protocols for FD communications. In FD MAC protocols, when a node wins the channel contention and transmits a primary transmission, its destination node can start a secondary transmission triggered by the primary transmission. Each secondary transmitter transmits a data frame even if its backoff timer is not zero. However, the backoff scheme in the FD MAC protocols follows the conventional scheme based on the distributed coordination function (DCF). Therefore, the nodes with FD MAC initialize the contention window (CW) size to minimum CW (CWmin) after their successful secondary transmissions. Therefore, CW initialization in the FD MAC causes further collisions at stations (STAs), which degrades network throughput. This paper proposes a novel backoff scheme for FD MAC protocols. In the proposed scheme, the CW size and backoff timer are not initialized but kept the current value after secondary transmissions. The proposed scheme can mitigate frame collisions at STAs and increase FD-transmission opportunity in the network, and then enhance the throughput significantly. This paper presents comprehensive performance evaluation in simulations, including non-saturation and saturation conditions, and co-existence conditions with legacy half duplex (HD) STAs. For performance analysis, this paper establishes Markov-chain models for the proposed scheme. The analytical results show theoretically that the operation of the proposed scheme enhances network throughput. The simulation results and analytical results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Full duplex (FD) communication can potentially double the throughput of a point-to-point link in wireless communication. Additionally, FD communication can mitigate the hidden node collision problem. The MAC protocols for FD communications are classified into two types; synchronous FD MAC and asynchronous one. Though the synchronous FD MAC mitigates hidden node collisions by using control frame, overhead duration for each data frame transmission may be a bottleneck for the networks. On the other hand, the asynchronous FD MAC mitigates the hidden node collisions by FD communication. However, it wastes more time due to transmission failure than synchronous FD MAC. Clarifying the effect of two major FD MAC types on networks requires a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of these protocols in networks with hidden node collisions. This paper proposes performance analysis of FD MAC protocols for wireless local area networks with hidden node collisions. Through the proposed analytical model, the saturated throughputs in FD WLANs with both asynchronous and synchronous FD MAC for any number of STAs and any payload size can be obtained.

This paper studies the joint optimization of precoding, transmit power and data rate allocation for energy-efficient full-duplex (FD) cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). A new nonconvex problem is formulated, where the ratio of total sum rate to total power consumption is maximized, subject to the maximum transmit powers of remote radio heads and uplink users. An iterative algorithm based on successive convex programming is proposed with guaranteed convergence to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solutions of the formulated problem. Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show that the FD C-RANs can achieve a large gain over half-duplex C-RANs in terms of energy efficiency at low self-interference power levels.

In this letter, we investigate a design of efficient antenna allocation at the full duplex receiver (FDR) in a multi-input multi-output multi-eavesdropper (MIMOME) wiretap channel for physical layer security improvement. Specifically, we propose the allocation which are feasible for the practical scenario with self-interference (SI) taken into account, because the jamming signals from FDR not only confuse the eavesdropper but also inevitably cause SI at the FDR. Due to the nolinear and coupling of the antenna allocation optimization problem, we transform the original problem into an integer programming problem. Then, we derive the optimal solution and the corresponding beamforming matrices in closed-form by means of combining spatial alignment and null-space projection method. Furthermore, we present the feasibility condition and full-protection condition, which offer insight into principles that enable more efficient and effective use of FDR in the wiretap channel for security improvement. From the simulation results, we validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed antennas allocation at FDR.

In full duplex (FD), which improves the system capacity (or cell throughput) and reduces the transmission delay (or latency) through simultaneous transmission and reception in the same frequency band, self-interference (SI) from the transmitter should be suppressed using antenna isolation, an analog SI canceler, and digital SI canceler (DSIC) to a level such that the data or control channel satisfies the required block error rate (BLER). This paper proposes a structure of iterative DSIC with alternating estimate subtraction (AES-IDSIC) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using FD. We first present the required SI suppression level considering SI, quantization noise of an analog-to-digital converter, and nonlinear distortion of a power amplifier and RF receiver circuit for a direct conversion transceiver using FD. Then, we propose an AES-IDSIC structure that iterates the generation of the SI estimate, the downlink symbol estimate, and then alternately removes one of the estimates from the received signal in the downlink including SI. We investigate the average BLER performance of the AES-IDSIC for OFDM using FD in a multipath fading channel based on link-level simulations under the constraint that the derived required signal-to-SI ratio must be satisfied.

Wireless Full-Duplex (FD) communication can double the point-to-point throughput. To obtain the full benefits of the FD technique in multi-hop networks, its potential throughput performance in multi-hop networks should be clarified qualitatively and quantitatively. Developing an analytical model for FD multi-hop networks is effective and useful for not only clarifying such network dynamics but also developing the optimal protocol design. However, generalized analytical expression for the end-to-end throughput of FD multi-hop networks has not been proposed. This paper proposes analytical expressions for the end-to-end throughput of string-topology wireless FD multi-hop networks. Our approach is to integrate with the analytical model of the airtime expression, which is an effective analytical approach of the throughput analysis for Half-Duplex (HD) multi-hop networks, and the Markov-chain model considering the FD MAC operation. The proposed model clarify the detailed effect of the FD MAC operation on the throughput performance in multi-hop networks. In particular, it can obtain the end-to-end throughput of FD multi-hop networks for arbitrary number of hops, arbitrary payload size and arbitrary value of the minimum contention window. The analytical expressions verified by comparisons with the simulation results. From the comparisons with the results in HD multi-hop networks, we confirm the effectiveness of the FD communication in multi-hop networks.

In-band full-duplex (FD) Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication performs uplink and downlink transmission at the same time using the same frequency. In this system, the spectral efficiency is theoretically double that of conventional duplex schemes, such as Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). However, this system suffers interference because the uplink and downlink streams coexist within the same channel. Especially at the terminal side, it is quite difficult for the terminal to eliminate the interference signals from other terminals since it has no knowledge about the contents of the interference signals. This paper presents an inter-terminal interference suppression method between the uplink and downlink signals assuming the multi-user environment. This method uses eigen-beamforming at the transmitting terminal to direct the null to the other terminal. Since this beamforming technique reduces the degrees of freedom available, the interference suppression performance and transmitting data-rate have a trade-off relation. This study investigates the system capacity characteristics in multi-user full-duplex MIMO communication using the propagation channel information measured in an actual outdoor experiment and shows that the proposed communication scheme offers higher system capacity than the conventional scheme.

The effect of the hidden terminal (HT) over multi-hop cascaded wireless networks with the omni-directional full-duplex relays will cause data collision. We allocate the frequency band among different hops in an orthogonal way based on link grouping strategy to avoid this HT problem. In order to maximize the achievable rate, an optimal frequency allocation scheme is proposed by boundary alignment. Performance analyses are provided and further validated by the simulation results.

This paper investigates power allocation and outage performance for the MIMO full duplex relaying (MFDR) based on orthogonal space-time block Codes (OSTBC) in cognitive radio systems. OSTBC transmission is used as a simple way to obtain multi-antenna diversity gain. Cognitive MFDR systems offer the advantage not only of increasing spectral efficiency by spectrum sharing but also of extending the coverage through the use of relays. In cognitive MFDR systems, the primary user experiences interference from the secondary source and relay simultaneously due to the full duplexing. What is therefore needed is a way to optimize the transmission powers at the secondary source and relay. Therefore, we propose an optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme based on minimizing the outage probability in cognitive MFDR systems. We then analyze the outage probability of the secondary user in the noise-limited and interference-limited environments under Nakagami-m fading channels. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve performance improvement in terms of outage probability.

A high isolation hybrid circuit composed of a pair of transformers, a voltage control resistance (VCR) circuit and an automatic impedance control device is designed for a two-wire full duplex cable modem to adapt variable line impedance. A binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) cable modem using the new hybrid circuit with an isolation of 52 dB to 58 dB in the line impedance variation range of 400 to 950 ohm is demonstrated. The isolation of the new hybrid circuit is increased by more than 30 dB over the traditional hybrid circuit for a two-wire full duplex modem in the preset line impedance range.