With the increasing complexity of LSI, Built-In Self Test (BIST) is a promising technique for production testing. We herein propose a method for diagnosing multiple stuck-at faults based on the compressed responses from BIST. We refer to fault diagnosis based on the ambiguous test pattern set obtained by the compressed responses of BIST as post-BIST fault diagnosis [1]. In the present paper, we propose an effective method by which to perform post-BIST fault diagnosis for multiple stuck-at faults. The efficiency of the success ratio and the feasibility of diagnosing large circuits are discussed.

This letter mainly focuses on improving current noise reduction methods to solve the critical speech distortion problems with robust noise reduction in noisy speech signals for speech enhancement over IP networks. For robust noise reduction with packet loss recovery, we propose a novel optimized Wiener filtering technique that uses the estimated SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) with packet loss recovery method which is applied as post-filtering over IP-networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides better reduction and recovery rates with considering packet loss and SNR environment than other methods.

Robust automatic language identification (LID) is the task of identifying the language from a short utterance spoken by an unknown speaker. The mainstream approaches include parallel phone recognition language modeling (PPRLM), support vector machine (SVM) and the general Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). These systems map the cepstral features of spoken utterances into high level scores by classifiers. In this paper, in order to increase the dimension of the score vector and alleviate the inter-speaker variability within the same language, multiple data groups based on supervised speaker clustering are employed to generate the discriminative language characterization score vectors (DLCSV). The back-end SVM classifiers are used to model the probability distribution of each target language in the DLCSV space. Finally, the output scores of back-end classifiers are calibrated by a pair-wise posterior probability estimation (PPPE) algorithm. The proposed language identification frameworks are evaluated on 2003 NIST Language Recognition Evaluation (LRE) databases and the experiments show that the system described in this paper produces comparable results to the existing systems. Especially, the SVM framework achieves an equal error rate (EER) of 4.0% in the 30-second task and outperforms the state-of-art systems by more than 30% relative error reduction. Besides, the performances of proposed PPRLM and GMMs algorithms achieve an EER of 5.1% and 5.0% respectively.

Effect of the post-growth annealing on the morphology of a Ge mesa selectively grown on Si was studied from the viewpoint of near-infrared photodiode applications. By ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition, Ge mesas were selectively grown at 600 on Si (001) substrates partially covered with SiO2 masks. The as-grown Ge mesas showed trapezoidal cross-sections having a top (001) surface and {311} sidewall facets, as similar to previous reports. However, after the subsequent post-growth annealing at ~800 in the ultrahigh-vacuum chamber, the mesas were deformed into rounded shapes having a depression at the center and mounds near the edges. Such a deformation cannot be observed for the samples annealed once after cooled and exposed to the air. The residual hydrogen atoms on the Ge surface from the germane (GeH4) decomposition is regarded as a trigger to the observed morphological instability, while the final mesa shape is determined in order to minimize a sum of the surface and/or strain energies.

A novel Uniform Discrete Multitone (DMT) transceiver is proposed, utilizing a wavelet packet based filter bank transmultiplexer in conjunction with a DMT transceiver. The proposed transceiver decomposes the channel spectrum into subbands of equal bandwidth. The objective is to minimize the bit error rate (BER), which is increased by channel-noise amplification. This noise amplification is due to the Zero-Forcing equalization (ZFE) technique. Quantization of the channel-noise amplification is presented, based on post-equalization signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and probability of error in all subbands of the Uniform DMT system. A modified power loading algorithm is applied to allocate variable power according to subband gains. A BER performance comparison of the Uniform DMT with variable and uniform power-loading and with a conventional DMT system in a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) channel is presented.

Many devices are expected to be networked with wireless appliances such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and wireless sensors, and the number of such appliances will greatly exceed the number of PCs and mobile telephones. This may lead to an essential change in the network architecture. This paper proposes a new network architecture called the appliance defined ubiquitous network (ADUN), in which wireless appliances will be networked without network protocol standards. Radio space information rather than individual appliance signals is carried over the ADUN in the form of a stream with strong privacy/security control. It should be noted that this is different from the architectural principles of the Internet. We discuss a network-appliance interface that is sustainable over a long period, and show that the ADUN overhead will be within the scope of the broadband network in the near future.

Ziv-Lempel incremental parsing [1] is a fundamental algorithm for lossless data compression. There is a simple enumerative implementation [7] which preserves a duality between the encoder and the decoder. However, due to its compactness, the implementation when combined with a complete integer code, allows only an input sequence with a length consistent with the parsing boundaries. In this letter, we propose a simple additional mechanism for post-processing a binary file of arbitrary length, provided the file punctuation is externally managed.

IP (Intellectual Property) reuse plays an important role in modern IC design so that IP Protection (IPP) technique is get concerned. In this paper, we introduce a new efficient watermarking system for IPP on post-layout design stage. The signature (which indicates the designer) is encrypted with a secret key by DES (Data Encryption Standard) to produce a bit string, which is then embedded into the layout design as constraints by using a specific incremental router. Once the design is watermarked successfully, the signature can be extracted accurately by the system. The system also has a strong resistance to the attack on watermarking due to the DES functionality. This watermarking technique uniquely identifies the circuit origin, yet is difficult to be detected or fabricated without our tool. We evaluated the watermarking system on IBM-PLACE 2.0 benchmark suites. The results show the system robustness and strength: the system success probability achieves 100% in suitable time with no extra area and wire length cost on design performances.

The average bit erasure probability of a binary linear code ensemble under maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) decoding over binary erasure channel (BEC) can be calculated with the average support weight distribution of the ensemble via the EXIT function and the shortened information function. In this paper, we formulate the relationship between the average bit erasure probability under MAP decoding over BEC and the average support weight distribution for a binary linear code ensemble. Then, we formulate the average support weight distribution and the average bit erasure probability under MAP decoding over BEC for regular LDPC code ensembles.

In this paper, a weighted element-wise block adaptive frequency-domain equalization (WEB-FDE) is proposed for a single-carrier system with the cyclic-prefix. In the WEB-FDE, the one-tap equalizer corresponding to a frequency-bin first preserves input DFT elements (element-wise block). Its coefficient in each block is then calculated by minimizing a weighted squared norm of the a posteriori error. Simulation results in a time-varying typical urban (TU) channel show that the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the WEB-FDE outperform that of the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS)-FDE and recursive-least-square (RLS)-FDE.

Transitions between a post-wall waveguide and a microstrip line are proposed as the key components for cost-effective millimeter-wave modules. A transition with a coaxial structure is investigated for LTCC laminated layers and 11.3% bandwidth for the reflection smaller than -15 dB is realized in 60 GHz band. The overall connector loss with 1 cm post-wall would be about 0.8 dB. The degradation due to fabrication error is also assessed. The transition in LTCC substrate fulfills electrical and manufacturing demands in millimeter-wave bands.

Paging extensions for Mobile Internet Protocol (P-MIP) decreases only the number of registration, but it does not much improve the method of registration, which still gives rise to a lot of lost packets and long handoff latency, and may also waste the data buffering and time during registration. In the active state, P-MIP behaves in the same way as Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP), thus, in this state, the packet loss rate of P-MIP is the same as that of MIP. However, the packet loss rate of P-MIP is lower than that of MIP, when changing from idle state to active state, because P-MIP buffers packets at the registered FA. We propose an improvement method for the registration delay, while the mobile node is entering the active state to decrease the mobile node waiting time for data packets. The proposed method can reduce the requirement of data buffering and also improve the method of registration to decrease lost packets and handoff latency when the mobile node moves across the cell in the same paging area during active state.

As a result of the growth of sensor-enabled mobile devices, in recent years, users can utilize diverse digital contents everywhere and anytime. However, the interfaces of mobile applications are often unnatural due to limited computational capability, miniaturized input/output controls, and so on. To complement the poor user interface (UI) and fully utilize mobility as feature of mobile devices, we explore possibilities for a new UI of mobile devices. This paper describes the method for recognizing and analyzing a user's continuous action including the user's various gestures and postures. The application example we created is mobile game called AM-Fishing game on mobile devices that employ the accelerometer as the main interaction modality. The demonstration shows the evaluation for the system usability.

We propose a new fixed-rate error correction system with a feedback channel. In our system, the receiver transmits a list of positions of unreliable information bits based on the log a-posteriori probability ratios by outputs of a soft-output decoder to the transmitter. This method is just like that of the reliability-based hybrid ARQ scheme. To dynamically select an appropriate interleaving function with feedback information is a key feature of our system. By computer simulations, we show that the performance of a system with a feedback channel is improved by dynamically selecting an appropriate interleaving function.

Electromagnetic crystals formed by vertical full posts stacked in a rectangular waveguide are analyzed using the image theory and the lattice sums technique. It is shown that the frequency response of the crystals consisting of circular posts can be obtained by a simpler matrix calculus based on the one-dimensional lattice sums, the T-matrix of a circular cylinder in free space, and the generalized reflection and transmission matrices.

We propose a wave analysis method for probe-fed Radial Line Planar Antennas (RLPAs) which yields an approximate solution for the aperture field distribution and scattering by loaded probes. Damping of electric power in the radial line due to radiation by antenna elements is included. The method can accommodate the effect of all conductors, including the terminating wall, by introducing the concept of equivalent posts. We have found good correspondence between the measured and calculated values of the aperture field distribution. The proposed method is effective for general geometries of probe-fed RLPAs.

Based on the theory of block projection onto convex sets (BPOCS), a novel de-blocking algorithm is proposed. A new smoothness constraint set (SCS) is used to remove the unnecessary high frequencies. In addition, an adaptive quantization constraint set (AQCS) is employed to suppress error in the smoothing process. The proposed size and position of new SCS are different from traditional ones. Extensive experimental results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better image quality with fewer iterations.

This paper presents a view independent video-based face recognition method using posterior probability in Kernel Fisher Discriminant (KFD) space. In practical environment, the view of faces changes dynamically. Robustness to view changes is required for video-based face recognition in practical environment. Since the view changes induce large non-linear variation, kernel-based methods are appropriate. We use KFD analysis to cope with non-linear variation. To classify image sequence, the posterior probability in KFD space is used. KFD analysis assumes that the distribution of each class in high dimensional space is Gaussian. This makes the computation of posterior probability in KFD space easy. The combination of KFD space and posterior probability of image sequence is the main contribution of the proposed method. The performance is evaluated by using two face databases. Effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the comparison with the other feature spaces and classification methods.

The hand posture estimation system by searching a similar image from a vast database, such as our previous research, may cause the increase of processing time, and prevent realtime controlling of a robot. In this study, the authors proposed a new estimation method of human hand posture by rearranging a large-scale database with the Self-Organizing Map including self-reproduction and self-annihilation, which enables two-step searches of similar image with short period of processing time, within small errors, and without deviation of search time. The experimental results showed that our system exhibited good performance with high accuracy within processing time above 50 fps for each image input with a 2.8 GHz CPU PC.

This paper describes an efficient PCRD (Post-Compression Rate-Distortion) scheme for rate control of JPEG2000. The proposed method determines the rate constant in consideration of the decreasing characteristic of RD-slopes and conducts rate allocation about only coding passes excluded from the previous rate allocation. As a result, it can considerably reduce the number of operations and encoding time with nearly the same PSNR performance as the conventional rate control scheme of JPEG2000.