We examine the feasibility of Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, a basic quantum algorithm, on a machine learning-based logistic regression problem. Its major property to distinguish the function type with an exponential speedup can help identify the feature unsuitability much more quickly. Although strict conditions and restrictions to abide exist, we reconfirm the quantum superiority in many aspects of modern computing.

For Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) digital terrestrial broadcasting systems, a transmitter identification (TxID) technique is introduced to analyze interference among broadcasting transmitters in single frequency networks (SFN). Based on the TxID analysis results, the transmit power and emission time delay of each broadcasting transmitter can be adjusted to minimize the effects of co- and adjacent- channel interference. For this reason, TxID has been recognized as an important feature in SFN configurations for ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 standards. Recently, there has been increasing interest in employing TxID for data transmission. This paper proposes a TxID based data transmission method for use with ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 standards. The major advantage of this data transmission method is its robustness while maintaining TxID properties. Simulations and laboratory tests demonstrate that the proposed technique can achieve a robust data transmission with backward compatibility to legacy ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 receivers.

Index modulation (IM) is receiving attention because of its high energy efficiency. In precoding index modulation (PIM), some of the data bits are used for the modulation of symbols and the rest are used for the selection of precoding coefficients. In conventional PIM, the precoding matrices are orthogonal and unitary. In the proposed PIM, the number of the columns of the precoding matrix is expanded more than that of the rows. Because of the expanded precoding matrices, the number of data bits used for the selection of precoding coefficients is increased. As a result, a code rate can be reduced compared to that of the conventional PIM and the number of candidate constellation points for demodulation can be decreased as compared to that of a multiple-input multiple-output MIMO system under the same throughput. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed PIM with QPSK symbols improves the performance by about 2.5dB at a bit error rate of 10-3 as compared to overloaded MIMO with 16QAM symbols for two transmit antennas and one receive antenna. It also achieves about 3.5dB better performance than the conventional PIM under the same antenna condition. Furthermore, the optimum number of index modulation bits is found by the simulation for the proposed PIM. In addition, the PIM scheme reduces demodulation complexity by a factor of 32 as compared to that of the MIMO under specific modulation parameters.

This paper presents a numerical study of the wireless channel characteristics of liver implants in a frequency range of 4.5-6.5GHz, considering different digital human phantoms by employing two inhomogeneous male and female models. Path loss data for in-body to on-body and in-body to off-body communication scenarios are provided. The influence of respiration-induced organ movement on signal attenuation is demonstrated. A narrower range of attenuation deviation is observed in the female model as compared to the male model. The path loss data in the female body is between 40-80dB which is around 5-10dB lower than the male model. Path loss data for the in-body to off-body scenario in both models suggest that in-body propagation is the main component of total path loss in the channel. The results demonstrate that channel characteristics are subject dependent, and thus indicate the need to take subject dependencies into consideration when investigating in-body communication channels.

The arrival of the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) has ensured the ubiquity of human-sensing technologies. Cameras have become inexpensive instruments for human sensing and have been increasingly used for this purpose. Because cameras produce large quantities of information, they are powerful tools for sensing; however, because camera images contain information allowing individuals to be personally identified, their use poses risks of personal privacy violations. In addition, because IoT-ready home appliances are connected to the Internet, camera-captured images of individual users may be unintentionally leaked. In developing our human-detection method [33], [34], we proposed techniques for detecting humans from unclear images in which individuals cannot be identified; however, a drawback of this method was its inability to detect moving humans. Thus, to enable tracking of humans even through the images are blurred to protect privacy, we introduce a particle-filter framework and propose a human-tracking method based on motion detection and heart-rate detection. We also show how the use of integral images [32] can accelerate the execution of our algorithms. In performance tests involving unclear images, the proposed method yields results superior to those obtained with the existing mean-shift method or with a face-detection method based on Haar-like features. We confirm the acceleration afforded by the use of integral images and show that the speed of our method is sufficient to enable real-time operation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed method allows successful tracking even in cases where the posture of the individual changes, such as when the person lies down, a situation that arises in real-world usage environments. We discuss the reasons behind the superior behavior of our method in performance tests compared to those of other methods.

A 1-Transistor 4-Magnetic Tunnel Junction (1T-4MTJ) memory cell has been proposed for field type of Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM). Proposed 1T-4MTJ memory cell array is achieved 44% higher density than that of conventional 1T-1MTJ thanks to the common access transistor structure in a 4-bit memory cell. A self-reference sensing scheme which can read out with write-back in four clock cycles has been also proposed. Furthermore, we add to estimate with considering sense amplifier variation and show 1T-4MTJ cell configuration is the best solution in IoT applications. A 1-Mbit MRAM test chip is designed and fabricated successfully using 130-nm CMOS process. By applying 1T-4MTJ high density cell and partially embedded wordline driver peripheral into the cell array, the 1-Mbit macro size is 4.04 mm2 which is 35.7% smaller than the conventional one. Measured data shows that the read access is 55 ns at 1.5 V typical supply voltage and 25C. Combining with conventional high-speed 1T-1MTJ caches and proposed high-density 1T-4MTJ user memories is an effective on-chip hierarchical non-volatile memory solution, being implemented for low-power MCUs and SoCs of IoT applications.

The ability of Software Defined Networking (SDN) to dynamically adjust the network behaviour and to support fine-grained routing policies becomes increasingly attractive beyond the boundaries of Data Centre domains, where SDN has already gained enormous momentum. However, the wider adoption of SDN in ISP (Internet Service Provider) networks is still uncertain due to concerns about the scalability of a centralized traffic management in large-scale environments. This is particularly problematic when ISP offers virtual-link services, which imply a performance guaranteed data transfer between two network points. Our solution is a new approach to virtual-link mapping in SDN-based ISP networks. Within the problem's scope, we address traffic engineering (TE), QoS provisioning and failure recovery issues. In order to decrease the controller load, computational effort, and processing delay, we introduce a function split between online routing and TE. The TE functions are performed periodically, with configurable periodicity. In order to reduce the control overhead, we restrict the traffic optimization problem to load balancing over multiple static tunnels. This allows retention of the traditional MPLS routers in the network core and to achieve fast virtual-link restoration in case of physical-link failures. The online routing and admission control algorithms have been designed with the goal of low complexity, and to minimize Flow-table updates. In our simulation study, we compare the proposed virtual-link mapping solution with the solutions that exploit routing flexibility in fully SDN-enabled networks. We find that the throughput loss due to the use of static traffic tunnels is relatively small, while the control overhead is reduced significantly. A prototype of the proposed SDN control-plane is developed and validated in the Mininet emulator.

Soft error jeopardizes the reliability of semiconductor devices, especially those working at low voltage. In recent years, silicon-on-thin-box (SOTB), which is a FD-SOI device, is drawing attention since it is suitable for ultra-low-voltage operation. This work evaluates the contributions of SRAM, FF and combinational circuit to chip-level soft error rate (SER) based on irradiation test results. For this evaluation, this work performed neutron irradiation test for characterizing single event transient (SET) rate of SOTB and bulk circuits at 0.5 V. Using the SBU and MCU data in SRAMs from previous work, we calculated the MBU rate with/without error correcting code (ECC) and with 1/2/4-col MUX interleaving. Combining FF error rates reported in literature, we estimated chip-level SER and each contribution to chip-level SER for embedded and high-performance processors. For both the processors, without ECC, 95% errors occur at SRAM in both SOTB and bulk chips at 0.5 V and 1.0 V, and the overall chip-level SERs of the assumed SOTB chip at 0.5 V is at least 10 x lower than that of bulk chip. On the other hand, when ECC is applied to SRAM in the SOTB chip, SEUs occurring at FFs are dominant in the high-performance processor while MBUs at SRAMs are not negligible in the bulk embedded chips.

Cooperative communication can reduce energy consumption effectively due to its superior diversity gain. To further prolong network lifetime and improve the energy efficiency, this paper studies energy-efficient packet transmission in wireless ad-hoc networks and proposes a novel cluster-based cooperative packet transmission (CCPT) protocol to mitigate the packet loss and balance the energy consumption of networks. The proposed CCPT protocol first constructs a highly energy-efficient initial routing path based on the required energy cost of non-cooperative transmission. Then an iterative cluster recruitment algorithm is proposed that selects cooperative nodes and organizing them into clusters, which can create transmit diversity in each hop of communication. Finally, a novel two-step cluster-to-cluster cooperative transmission scheme is designed, where all cluster members cooperatively forward the packet to the next-hop cluster. Simulation results show that the CCPT protocol effectively reduces the energy cost and prolongs the network lifetime compared with the previous CwR and noC schemes. The results also have shown that the proposed CCPT protocol outperforms the traditional CwR protocol in terms of transmit efficiency per energy, which indicates that CCPT protocol has achieved a better trade-off between energy and packet arrival ratio.

In this paper, new classes of binary generalized cyclotomic sequences of period 2pm+1qn+1 are constructed. These sequences are balanced. We calculate the linear complexity of the constructed sequences with a simple method. The results show that the linear complexity of such sequences attains the maximum.

Many autocorrelation-based frequency estimation algorithms have been proposed. However, some of them cannot construct a strict linear prediction (LP) property among the adjacent autocorrelation lags, which affects the estimators' performance. To improve the precision of frequency estimation, two novel autocorrelation based frequency estimation methods of the real sinusoid signal in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) are proposed in this paper. Firstly, a simple method is introduced to transform the real sinusoid signal into the noncircular signal. Secondly, the autocorrelation of the noncircular signal is analyzed and a strict LP property is constructed among the adjacent autocorrelation lags of the noncircular signal. Thirdly, the least squares (LS) and reformed Pisarenko harmonic decomposer (RPHD) frameworks are employed to improve estimation accuracy. The simulation results match well with the theoretical values. In addition, computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides high estimation accuracy and good noise suppression capability.

We present InP-based photodetectors monolithically integrated with a 90° hybrid toward over 400Gb/s coherent transmission systems. To attain a wide 3-dB bandwidth of more than 40GHz for 400Gb/s dual-polarization (DP)-16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) and 600Gb/s DP-64QAM through 64GBaud operation, A p-i-n photodiode structure consisting of a GaInAs thin absorption and low doping n-typed InP buffer layers was introduced to overcome the trade-off between short carrier transit time and low parasitic capacitance. Additionally, this InP buffer layer contributes to the reduction of propagation loss in the 90° hybrid waveguide, that is, this approach allows a high responsivity as well as wide 3-dB bandwidth operation. The coherent receiver module for the C-band (1530nm - 1570nm) operation indicated the wide 3-dB bandwidth of more than 40GHz and the high receiver responsivity of more than 0.070A/W (Chip responsivity within the C-band: 0.130A/W) thanks to photodetectors with this photodiode design. To expand the usable wavelengths in wavelength-division multiplexing toward large-capacity optical transmission, the photodetector integrated with the 90° hybrid optimized for the L-band (1565nm - 1612nm) operation was also fabricated, and exhibited the high responsivity of more than 0.120A/W over the L-band. Finally, the InP-based monolithically integrated photonic device consisting of eight-channel p-i-n photodiodes, two 90° hybrids and a beam splitter was realized for the miniaturization of modules and afforded the reduction of the total footprint by 70% in a module compared to photodetectors with the 90° hybrid and four-channel p-i-n photodiodes.

A spectrum-based fault localization technique (SBFL), which identifies fault location(s) in a buggy program by comparing the execution statistics of the program spectra of passed executions and failed executions, is a popular automatic debugging technique. However, the usefulness of SBFL is mainly affected by the following two factors: accuracy and fault understanding in reality. To solve this issue, we propose a SBFL framework to support fault understanding. In the framework, we firstly localize a suspicious fault module to start debugging and then generate a weighted fault propagation graph (WFPG) for the hypothesis fault module, which weights the suspiciousness for the nodes to further perform block-level fault localization. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, we conduct a controlled experiment to compare two different module-level SBFL approaches and validate the effectiveness of WFPG. According to our preliminary experiments, the results are promising.

The needs for ultra-high speed short- to medium-reach optical fiber links beyond 100-Gbit/s is becoming larger and larger especially for intra and inter-data center applications. In recent intensity-modulated/direct-detection (IM/DD) high-speed optical transceivers with the channel bit rate of 50 and/or 100 Gbit/s, multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is finally adopted to lower the signaling speed. To further increase the transmission capacity for the next-generation optical transceivers, various signaling techniques have been studied, especially thanks to advanced digital signal processing (DSP). In this paper, we review various signaling technologies proposed so far for short-to-medium reach applications.

Malware-infected hosts have typically been detected using network-based Intrusion Detection Systems on the basis of characteristic patterns of HTTP requests collected with dynamic malware analysis. Since attackers continuously modify malicious HTTP requests to evade detection, novel HTTP requests sent from new malware samples need to be exhaustively collected in order to maintain a high detection rate. However, analyzing all new malware samples for a long period is infeasible in a limited amount of time. Therefore, we propose a system for efficiently collecting HTTP requests with dynamic malware analysis. Specifically, our system analyzes a malware sample for a short period and then determines whether the analysis should be continued or suspended. Our system identifies malware samples whose analyses should be continued on the basis of the network behavior in their short-period analyses. To make an accurate determination, we focus on the fact that malware communications resemble natural language from the viewpoint of data structure. We apply the recursive neural network, which has recently exhibited high classification performance in the field of natural language processing, to our proposed system. In the evaluation with 42,856 malware samples, our proposed system collected 94% of novel HTTP requests and reduced analysis time by 82% in comparison with the system that continues all analyses.

The purpose of our research is to reproduce the appearance of frangible historical ink paintings for preserving frangible historical documents and illustrations. We, then, propose a method to reproduce both reflectance and transmittance of ink paintings simultaneously by stacking multiple sheets of printed paper. First, we acquire the relationship between printed ink patterns and the optical properties. Then, stacking printed multiple papers with acquired ink pattern according to the measurement, we realize to fabricate a photo-realistic duplication.

To improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization, cognitive radio systems attempt to use temporarily unoccupied spectrum which is referred to as a spectrum hole. To this end, QoS (Quality of Service) is one of the most important issues in practical cognitive radio systems. In this article, an efficient spectrum management scheme using self-reserving spectrum is proposed to support QoS for cognitive radio users. The self-reservation of a spectrum hole can minimize service dropping probability by using the statistical characteristics of spectrum bands while using optimum amount of resources. In addition, it realizes seamless service for users by eliminating spectrum entry procedure that includes spectrum sensing, spectrum request, and spectrum grant. Performance analysis and intensive system level simulations confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

To solve the low accuracy problem of the recommender system for long term users, in this paper, we propose a top-N-balanced sequential recommendation based on recurrent neural network. We postulated and verified that the interactions between users and items is time-dependent in the long term, but in the short term, it is time-independent. We balance the top-N recommendation and sequential recommendation to generate a better recommender list by improving the loss function and generation method. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Compared with a state-of-the-art recommender algorithm, our method clearly improves the performance of the recommendation on hit rate. Besides the improvement of the basic performance, our method can also handle the cold start problem and supply new users with the same quality of service as the old users.

In this paper, a scramble phase assisting weighted-type fractional Fourier transform (SPA-WFRFT) based system is proposed to guarantee the communication's security. The original transmitting signal is divided into two parts. The first part is modulated by WFRFT and subsequently makes up the constellation beguiling. The other part is used to generate the scramble phase and also to assist in the encryption of the WFRFT modulated signal dynamically. The novel constellation optimal model is built and solved through the genetic algorithm (GA) for the constellation beguiling. And the double pseudo scheme is implemented for the scramble phase generation. Theoretical analyses show that excellent security performances and high spectral efficiency can be attained. Final simulations are carried out to evaluate the performances of the SPA-WFRFT based system, and demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively degrade the unauthorized receivers' bit error rate (BER) performance while maintaining its own communication quality.

A topological quantum circuit is a representation model for topological quantum computation, which attracts much attention recently as a promising fault-tolerant quantum computation model by using 3D cluster states. A topological quantum circuit can be considered as a set of “loops,” and we can transform the topology of loops without changing the functionality of the circuit if the transformation satisfies certain conditions. Thus, there have been proposed many researches to optimize topological quantum circuits by transforming the topology. There are two directions of research to optimize topological quantum circuits. The first group of research considers so-called a placement and wiring problem where we consider how to place “parts” in a 3D space which corresponds to already optimized sub-circuits. The second group of research focuses on how to optimize the structure and locations of loops in a relatively small circuit which is treated as one part in the above-mentioned first group of research. This paper proposes a new idea for the second group of research; our idea is to consider topological transformations as a placement and wiring problem for modules which we derive from the information how loops are crossed. By using such a formulation, we can use the techniques for placement and wiring problems, and successfully obtain an optimized solution. We confirm by our experiment that our method indeed can reduce the cost much more than the method by Paetznick and Fowler.