This paper proposed a fault localization and supervisory (SV) channel implementation for linear-repeaters (L-Reps) employing optical line amplifiers. In order to successfully introduce L-Reps into a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)/Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)-based networks in a smooth, orderly fashion, layering of repeater section and supervisory system design must be taken into consideration. There supervisory techniques, such as linking analog-based and digital-based information, a precedence of digital-based information and an upstream precedence, for locating faulty L-Rep sections are proposed taking into consideration the difference in monitoring capabilities between L-Reps and regenerating-type repeaters (R-Reps). Furthermore, a linear repeater supervisory (LSV) channel configuration for L-Reps is also proposed. Finally, an SV system established in a prototype SDH-based 10-Gbit/s optical transmission system is briefly described.

3D model-based coding methods that need 3D reconstruction techniques are proposed for next-generation image coding methods. A method is presented that reconstructs 3D shapes of dynamic objects from image sequences captured using two cameras, thus avoiding the stereo correspondence problem. A coaxial camera system consisting of one moving and one static camera was developed. The optical axes of both cameras are precisely adjusted and have the same orientation using an optical system with true and half mirrors. The moving camera is moved along a straight horizontal line. This method can reconstruct 3D shapes of static objects as well as dynamic objects using motion vectors calculated from the moving camera images and revised using the static camera image. The method was tested successfully on real images by reconstructing a moving human shape.

A new application of the factorization method is reported for 3-D shape reconstruction from endoscope image sequences. The feasibility of the method is verified with some theoretical considerations and results of extensive experiments. This method was developed by Tomasi and Kanade, and improved by Poelman and Kanade, with the aim of achieving accurate shape reconstruction by using a large number of points and images, and robustly applying well-understood matrix computations. However, the latter stage of the method, called normalization, is not as easily understandable as the use of singular value decomposition in the first stage. In fact, as shown in this report, many choices are possible for this normalization and a variety of results have been obtained depending on the choice. This method is easy to understand, easy to implement, and provides sufficient accuracy when the approximation used for the optical system is reasonable. However, the details of the theoretical basis require further study.

BaSnO3 is proposed as a new insulating material with good surface coverage of the lower superconductor electrode for superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions made of high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO). This paper reports on investigation of the epitaxial nature of BaSnO3 on YBCO thin films and YBCO/BaSnO3 /YBCO trilayer formation that are grown in situ by reactive co-evaporation in oxygen radicals. Investigation was done by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). these observations confirm that (001)-oriented YBCO and (100)-oriented BaSnO3 thin films with atomically smooth surfaces grow epitaxially on each other. In addition, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation reveals that an approximately 4-nm-thick layer of BaSnO3 perfectly covers the lower YBCO thin film surface steps to a height of 1 to 2 unit cells of YBCO. The zero-resistance critical temperature Tc zero of both the upper and the lower YBCO thin films is higher than about 86 K.

In this paper we propose a class of byte-error-correcting codes derived from algebraic curves which is a generalization on the Reed-Solomon codes, and present their fast parallel decoding algorithm. Our algorithm can correct up to (m + b -θ)/2b byte-errors for the byte length b, where m + b -θ + 1dG for the Goppa designed distance dG. This decoding algorithm can be parallelized. In this algorithm, for our code over the finite field GF (q), the total complexity for finding byte-error locations is O (bt(t + q - 1)) with time complexity O (t(t + q - 1)) and space complexity O(b), and the total complexity for finding error values is O (bt(b + q - 1)) with time complexity O (b(b + q - 1)) and space complexity O (t), where t(m + b -θ)/2b. Our byte-error-correcting algorithm is superior to the conventional fast decoding algorithm for randomerrors in regard to the number of correcting byte-errors in several cases.

In high-speed digital land mobile radio communication, communication quality is degraded by frequency selective fading that has intersymbol interference. It causes increase of bit error rate (BER). To decrease BER in the channel, this paper proposes a system with combined multilevel coding and adaptive equalization using interleaving. By using interleaving, the proposed system obtains time diversity effect. Furthermore the system realizes a type of decision feedback adaptive equalizer where signal after multilevel decoder is fed back. These features of the system cause decrease of BER. The proposed system is compared with a similar system with a feedback signal before multilevel decoder. The average bit error rate of the proposed system is less than 1/100 with that of the compared system at average Eb/No = 22 [dB] in a case of fading channel with one intersymbol interference.

As the demand of wireless personal communications networks increases, detailed chracteristics of indoor radio propagation in UHF band are required. In this paper, multipath fading characteristics at 1 GHz in an indoor mobil (walking speed) channel are investigated. By using a computer-controlled antenna scanner, signal strength was measured at 1400 points with a quarter wavelength resolution, which forms a two-dimensional fading map. The fading characteristics were found to be mainly dominated by the signals through the LOS path and the reflected paths due to two side-walls and one front-wall. It is analytically shown that middle-scale (over three wavelengths) fading is caused by the reflection from the side-walls, and periodical small-scale (equal to or less than a wavelength) fading is caused by the reflection from the front-wall. A software simulator based on geometric optics was developed in order to predict the measured fades. A modified algorithm for the two-dimensional ray launching technique which removes the necessity of checking the "multiple-counted rays" is presented. Comparison between measurements and predictions shows good agreement highlighting the usefulness of the two-dimensional simulator as a tool for channel design.

For Nakagami-Rice fading environment which seems to become a principle propagation environment in the next generation wideband and high-capacity mobile systems such as personal communications, we have previously proposed an approximated evaluation scheme for wideband digital transmission characteristics such as errors due to intersymbol interference of multipath waves. We called the scheme 'Equivalent Transmission-Path (ETP) Model.' In this paper, through a discussion about more general equivalent propagation channel expressions, we clarify a theoretical foundation of the ETP model and extend the model to have an ability of expression of instantaneous fading condition varying with time. Also the appropriateness of the instantaneous expression is examined by a computer simulation analysis. Based on this model, statistics of link quality and service availability in Nakagami-Rice fading environments are discussed.

In this paper, we evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a coordinate interleaved trellis coded QPSK with T-algorithm. We employ a coordinate interleaving which breaks up burst errors, caused by fading, more effectively than symbol interleaving. We employ a rate-1/2 convolutional codes and the performance is evaluated on Rayleigh fading channels in terms of bit error rate (BER) by analysis and computer simulation. We consider using of the code which having a long effective code length (ECL). For this reason, we employ a decoder based on T-algorithm instead of Viterbi algorithm to avoid the complexity in the decoding. As the results, we achieve satisfactory BER performance with a slight computation in the decoding algorithm and the finite interleaving size.

This paper considers the evaluation of the acquisition performance for an access channel preamble based on the random access procedure of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) reverse link. The parallel acquisition technique that employs the single-dwell and multiple-dwell (double-dwell) detection schemes is investigated. The acquisition performance for two detection schemes is compared in terms of the acquisition probablity and the mean acquisition time. The parallel acquisition is done by a bank of N parallel I/Q noncoherent correlators. Expressions on the detection, false alarm, and miss probabilities of the single-dwell and multiple-dwell (double-dwell) detection schemes are derived for the multiple H1 cells and multipath Rayleigh fading channel. Comparing the single-dwell detection scheme with the multiple-dwell (double-dwell) detection scheme in the case of employing the parallel acquisition technique in the reverse link, the numerical results show that the single-dwell detection scheme provides a better performance.

ISM band has been approved for spread spectrum communication in radio LAN in Japan since December 1992. This frequency band extends from 2.474 GHz to 2.5 GHz with 26 MHz bandwide. In an indoor environment, the maximum observed delay spread is 100-200 ns in a room, it is too short to generate a selective fading, thus flat fading conditions are often observed. Serve as an alleviation, we propose a new system of multi-antenna in base station (BS) and single antenna in mobile station (MS). In this system, MS should have a simple structure for its small size and energy-saving.

In the weakly coupled grain model which has been proposed to explain the residual surface resistance in high-Tc superconducting polycrystalline thin films, the superconducting polycrystalline thin films is described as a network of superconducting grains coupled via Josephson junctions. In order to evaluate this model we have fabricated the coplanar waveguide resonator using c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3Ox Thin Films and measured the residual surface resistance. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical prediction.

An individual identification system is developed. In this system, we unify profile curve identification and full face image identification to obtain more successful recognition rate. In profile cruve identification process, the P-type Fourier descriptor is made use of. In full face image identification process, mosaic density values are made use of. A combination of the two processes shows higher recognition rates than those obtained by each single process.

We propose in this paper a systematic way for analyzing discrete event dynamic systems to classify faults and failures quantitatively and to find tolerable fault event sequences embedded in the system. An automated failure diagnosis scheme with respect to the nominal normal operating event sequences and the supervisory control for tolerable fault event sequences are presented. Moreover the supervisor failure diagnosis with respect to the tolerable fault event sequences is considered. Finally, a case study of plasma etching system is described.

To evaluate the coding performance of a multilevel coding scheme for Rayleigh fading channel, a virtual automatic gain control and interleaving are applied to the scheme. The automatic gain control is assumed only for the theoretical evaluation of the performance. It is noted that the bit error-rate performance of the scheme for phase shift keying does not change whether the control is assumed or not. By the effect of the virtual automatic gain control and the interleaving, a fading channel with Gaussian noise is theoretically converted into an equivalent time-invariant channel with non-Gaussian noise. The probability density function of the converted non-Gaussian noise is derived. Then, the function is applied to a formula of the bit error-rate of the scheme for non-Gaussian noise. The formula is derived for phase shift keying by modifying that for pulse amplitude modulation. The coding performance for the non-Gaussian noise channel is evaluated by the formula, and the suitable coding with ideal interleaving is searched. As a result, the coding gain of 28 dB is obtained at the bit error-rate of 10-6 by using BCH code of length 31. This result is confirmed by a simulation for the fading channel. Then, the effectiveness of the formula for finite interleaving is evaluated. Finally, the usefulness of the formula, where the noise power is doubled, is shown for a case of a differential detection.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been receiving a lot of attention in the field of broadcasting because of its ruggedness under multipath environments. One of important issues to realize high quality reception of OFDM signals is to correct frequency and timing offsets between the transmitter and receiver so that orthogonality of the carriers can be maintained. This paper discusses a frequency and timing period acquisition technique for OFDM systems. A new offset estimation technique is introduced that detects both the frequency and timing peirod offsets at the same time by using only one pilot symbol with its suitable frequency assignment. A pseudo noise (PN) sequence is also introduced to assign these frequencies of the pilot symbol so that the frequency acquisition range can be widened. Numerical examples are given to show the estimate variances of the proposed frequency and timing period estimator over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels. Also the bit error rate (BER) performance for an open loop acquisition system is examined.

This paper concerns optimized facility design for VLSI production. The methods proposed are applicable in planning LSI production facilities with a good balance between the number of machines and the number of operators. The sequence in each processing step is analyzed in detail. A new algorithm based on the queueing model is developed for estimating the simultaneous requirements for the two kinds of resources, machines and operators. This estimation system can be applied to complicated fabrication schemes, such as batch processing, continuous processing, and mixed technologies. This methodology yields guidelines for ASIC LSI production system design.

It is an important problem in fields of radar, sonar, and so on to estimate parameters of closely spaced multiple signals. The MUSIC algorithm with the forward-backward (FB) spatial smoothing is considered as the most effective technique at present for the problem with coherent signals in a variety of fields. We have applied this in Laser Microvision. Recently, Shimotahira has proposed the Kernel MUSIC algorithm, which is applicable to cases when signal vectors and noise vectors are orthogonal. It also utilizes Gaussian elimination of the covariance matrix instead of eigenvalue analysis to estimate noise vectors. Although the amount of computation by the Kernel MUSIC algorithm became lighter than that of the conventional MUSIC algorithm, the covariance matrix was formed to estimate noise vectors and also all noise vectors were used to analyze the MUSIC eigenspectrum. The heaviest amount of computation in the Kernel MUSIC algorithm exists in the transformation of the covariance matrix and the analysis of the MUSIC eigenspectrum. We propose a more straightforward algorithm to estimate noise vectors without forming a covariance matrix, easier algorithm to analyze the MUSIC eigenspectrum. The superior characteristics will be demonstrated by results of numerical simulation.

Multistage Interconnection Networks (MIN) with multiple outlets are networks which can support higher bandwidth than those of nonblocking networks by passing multiple packets to the same destination. Fault recovery mechanisms are proposed for two of such networks (TBSF/PBSF) with the best use of their inherent fault tolerant capability. With these mechanisms, on-the-fly fault recovery is possible for multiple faults on switching elements. For the link fault, the networks are reconfigured after fault diagnosis, and the network is available with some performance degradation. The bandwidth degradation under multiple faults on link/element is analyzed with both theoretical models and simulation. Through the analysis, F-PBSF shows high fault tolerance under high traffic load and low reliability by using 3 or more banyan networks.

Physical optics(PO) and the aperture field integration method (AFIM) give accurate and similar field patterns near the first few sidelobes of reflector antennas. It is widely accepted that the use of AFIM is restricted to norrower angles than PO. In this paper, uniform equivalent edge currents of PO and AFIM are compared analytically and their equivalence in high frequency in discussed. It is asymptotically verified that the patterns by AFIM are almost identical to PO fields in the full 360angular region, provided that AFIM uses the equivalent surface currents consisting of two components, that is, the geometrical optics(GO) reflected fields from the reflector and the incident fields from the feed source, the latter of which are often neglected. Slightly weaker equivalence is predicted for cross polarization patterns. Numerical comparison of PO and AFIM confirms all these results, the equivalence holds not only for large but also for a very small refiector of the order of one wavelength diameter.