A technique for suppressing the clipping noise of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed to realize a cognitive radio transceiver that offers high sensitivity carrier-sensing. When a large bandwidth cognitive radio transceiver performs carrier-sensing, it must receive a radio wave that includes many primary user transmissions. The radio wave may have high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and clipping noise may be generated. Clipping noise becomes an obstacle to the achievement of high-sensitivity carrier-sensing. In the proposed technique, the original values of the samples clipped by an ADC are estimated by interpolation. Polynomial spline interpolation to the clipped signal is performed in the first step, and then SINC function interpolation is applied to the spline interpolated signal. The performance was evaluated using the signals with various PAPR. It has been found that suppression performance has a dependency on the number of samples clipped at once rather than on PAPR. Although there is an upper limit for the number of samples clipped at once that can be compensated with high accuracy, about 20 dB suppression of clipping noise was achieved with the medium degree of clipping.

In OFDMA systems, various subcarrier allocation (SA) algorithms have been developed and adopted to realize the low-cost implementation or the optimized usage of resources, such as bandwidth and total transmit power, at the cost of increased complexity. Regardless of SA algorithms, however, it is computationally inefficient for a user who uses only a small number of subcarriers to use a full fast Fourier transform (FFT) for multicarrier demodulation at a conventional receiver in a downlink environment. In response, this letter proposes a novel low complexity FFT scheme that demodulates a set of desired multicarriers with smaller-size FFTs is proposed for computationally efficient and/or low hardware-cost receiver in OFDMA systems. Furthermore, a decision rule for the optimum size of FFT in the known transform decomposition methods is provided.

A new scheme for reducing optical beat interference noise in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier based wavelength division multiplexed/subcarrier multiplexing -- passive optical network is proposed. This method uses an Fabry Perot laser locked by modulated lights from optical network units in a central office. As an experimental verification, it is reported that carrier to noise ratio is enhanced by 10 dB and power penalty is improved by 16 dB.

A cyclic prefix reconstruction scheme is proposed for precoded single-carrier systems with frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) that employ insufficient length of cyclic prefix. For SC-FDE, cyclic prefix is employed to facilitate frequency-domain equalization at the receiver. Since inserting cyclic prefix incurs a loss in bandwidth-utilization efficiency, it is desirable to limit the length of cyclic prefix for SC-FDE. This paper designs the energy spreading transform (EST), a precoder that enables iterative reconstruction of missing cyclic prefix. The performance of the proposed scheme is shown to be close to that of SC-FDE with enough length of cyclic prefix.

In orthogonal frequency-division multiplex access (OFDMA) downlink systems, the carrier-frequency offset (CFO) between the multiple transceivers introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this letter, we propose an iterative precoding scheme to suppress the ICI due to CFO. This scheme is applied at the transmitter, and can jointly cancel the ICI for all the receivers. Moreover, by the studies of the convergence behavior of the iterations, a sufficient condition for the convergence is presented. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both show that this iterative scheme is equivalent to the zero-forcing (ZF) scheme in function, but with much lower complexity.

One of the interesting submicron MOS FET characteristics is the effect of carrier velocity saturation (CVS) on the drain current. In the CVS region, the transconductance becomes constant independent both of the gate and the drain voltage. In this paper, RF MOS amplifier design technique using the CVS region has been proposed. By setting the FET gate bias to the power supply voltage Vdd, stable operation against Vdd variations can be achieved with a simple circuit configuration. By using this, a 5 GHz amplifier has been designed and fabricated by using 0.18-µm CMOS process technology. The chip has been operated with a gain variation less than 1 dB having a peak gain of 13.5 dB from 1.2 to 2.9 V Vdd.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems for mobile applications suffer from inter-carrier-interference (ICI) due to frequency offset and to time-variation of the channels and from high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we revisit symmetric cancellation coding (SCC) proposed by Sathananthan et al. and compare the effectiveness of SCC with a fixed subtraction combining and the well-known polynomial cancellation coding (PCC) over Rayleigh fading channels with Doppler spread in terms of the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) and bit-error-rate (BER). We also compare SCC with subtraction combining and SCC of Sathananthan et al. with maximum ratio combining (MRC). Our results show that SCC-OFDM with subtraction combining gives higher SINR than PCC-OFDM over the flat Rayleigh fading channel and that this superiority is not maintained under multi-path induced frequency-selective fading unless diversity combining is used. A simulation result shows, however, that SCC-OFDM with subtraction combining may perform better than PCC-OFDM for a certain range of Doppler spread when differential modulation is employed. Finally, we also demonstrate that the SCC-OFDM signal has less PAPR compared to the normal OFDM and PCC-OFDM and hence may be more practical.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive technique to accomplish wired or wireless broadband communications. Since it has been adopted as the terrestrial digital-video-broadcasting standard in Europe, it has also subsequently been embedded into many broadband communication standards. Many techniques for frame timing and frequency synchronization of OFDM systems have been studied as a result of its increasing importance. We propose a new technique of simultaneously synchronizing frame timing and frequency utilizing matched filters. First, a new short preamble consisting of short sequences multiplied by a DBPSK coded sequence is proposed. Second, we show that the new short preamble results in a new structure for matched filters consisting of a first matched filter, a DBPSK decoder, and a second matched filter. We can avoid the adverse effects of carrier frequency offset (CFO) when frame timing is synchronized because a DBPSK decoder has been deployed between the first and second matched filters. In addition, we show that the CFO can be directly estimated from the peak value of matched filter output. Finally, our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes.

In this letter, we present a blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator by exploiting the subspace-based technique for multicarrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. Relative high accuracy and low-complexity to the CFO estimation can be achieved by rooting a polynomial. Simulation results are provided for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed blind polynomial rooting estimator.

We propose an effective subcarrier allocation scheme for multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system in the downlink transmission with low computational complexity. In the proposed scheme, by taking multiple attributes of a user's channel, such as carrier gain decrease rate and variation from the mean channel gain of the system, to determine a rank for the user, subcarriers are then allocated depending on the individual user's rank. Different channel characteristics are used to better understand a user's need for subcarriers and hence determine a priority for the user. We also adopt an attribute weighing scheme to enhance the performance of the proposed scheme. The scheme is computationally efficient, since it avoids using iterations for the algorithm convergence and also common water-filling calculations that become more complex with increasing system parameters. Low complexity is achieved by allocating subcarriers to users depending on their determined rank. Our proposed scheme is simulated in comparison with other mathematically efficient subcarrier allocation schemes as well as with a conventional greedy allocation scheme. It is shown that the proposed method demonstrates competitive results with the simulated schemes.

This paper proposes a co-channel interference (CCI) suppression scheme employing a frequency-domain nulling filter and turbo equalizer for single-carrier uplink time division multiple access (TDMA) systems. In the proposed scheme, after the received signal is transformed into a frequency-domain signal via fast Fourier transform (FFT), CCI from an adjacent cell is suppressed by the nulling filter. Moreover, the proposed scheme employs a soft canceller and minimum mean square error (SC/MMSE) based turbo equalizer to suppress the performance degradation due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by the nulling filter as well as the ISI induced by fading channel. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed scheme is effective in suppression of CCI compared to the conventional linear frequency-domain equalizer.

In orthogonal frequency-division multiplex access (OFDMA) uplink, the carrier-frequency offsets (CFOs) between the multiple transmitters and the receiver introduce inter-carrier interference (ICI) and severely degrade the performance. In this paper, based on the perfect estimation of each user's CFO, we propose two low-complexity iterative algorithms to cancel ICI due to CFOs, which are denoted as the basic algorithm and the improved algorithm with decision-feedback equalization (DFE), respectively. For the basic one, two theorems are proposed that yield a sufficient condition for the convergence of iterations. Moreover, the interference-power-evolution (IPE) charts are proposed to evaluate the convergence behavior of this interference cancellation algorithm. Motivated by the IPE chart, the procedure of DFE is introduced into the iterations, which is the basic idea of the improved algorithm. For this improved algorithm, the error-propagation effect are analyzed and suppressed by an efficient stopping criterion. From IPE charts and simulation results, it can be easily observed that the basic algorithm has the same capability of ICI cancellation as the linear optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE) method, but offers lower complexity, while the improved algorithm with DFE outperforms the MMSE method in terms of the bit-error rate (BER) performance.

An adaptive subcarrier allocation (SA) algorithm is proposed for both the enhancement of system capacity and the practical implementation in a clustered OFDM system. The proposed algorithm is based on the two dimensional comparison of the channel gain in both rows and columns of the channel matrix to achieve higher system capacity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the SA algorithm based on only one dimensional comparison in terms of system capacity, and furthermore, it performs as well as the optimal SA algorithm at relatively low computational cost.

We propose a digital carrier recovery loop employing both a frequency detector and a phase detector for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) systems. A new frequency error correction function is also derived to increase the acquisition range. It is shown through computer simulation that the proposed scheme can reduce the acquisition time at large frequency offsets, unlike the existing ones.

A simple, yet effective geometric method is presented to construct the signature sequences for multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. By minimizing the correlation of the effective signature vectors, the signature sequences are recursively determined via projection onto a properly constructed subspace. Conducted simulations verify the effectiveness of the method.

A carrier frequency synchronization scheme is proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in the presence of phase noise (PHN). In the proposed scheme, carrier frequency synchronization is performed based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithm using an OFDM preamble symbol. The proposed scheme is compared with conventional methods. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in the presence of PHN.

This paper proposes a frequency diversity scheme using only even-numbered samples for single-carrier transmission with frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE). In the proposed scheme, a periodical frequency spectrum generated by using only even-numbered samples in the time domain provides the frequency redundancy, which is utilized for frequency diversity. Moreover, in order to avoid the data rate reduction due to the decrease in the samples within one block, the high-level modulation is applied to each sample and the transmitting power of each sample can be doubled for the equivalent power transmission instead. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a steeper BER curve than the typical SC-FDE over frequency selective fading channels, while the typical SC-FDE is more favorable than the proposed scheme over flat fading channels. Moreover, the proposed scheme still retains its characteristic even when channel estimation and channel coding are additionally taken into account.

A two-dimensional (2-D) physical model of n-channel poly-Si LDD TFTs in comparison with that of SD TFTs is presented to analyze hot-carrier degradation. The model is based on 2-D device simulator's Gaussian doping profiles for the source and drain junctions fitted to the lateral and vertical impurity profiles in poly-Si obtained from a 2-D process simulator. We have shown that, in the current saturation bias (Vg

This paper proposes a channel estimation technique for the dynamic parameter controlled--orthogonal frequency and time division multiple access (DPC-OF/TDMA) systems studied as one of the candidates of the beyond third generation (B3G) systems. In the proposed scheme, the impulse response, which represents the channel state information (CSI) is estimated using carrier interferometry (CI) which is equivalent to impulse signal transmission. Moreover, because the minimum number of subcarriers allocated to terminals is 64, in order to estimate a CSI with its spreading factor of 64, we employ a code-multiplexed CI signal for a cell search process and a time-domain-multiplexed CI signal for transmit antenna identification. Furthermore, we also propose a flexible CSI estimation scheme that supports two cases: multiple subchannel block assignment and MIMO transmission cases. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed scheme can estimate the CSI with high accuracy.

The main disadvantage of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high time domain PAPR. The larger PAPR signal would fatally degrade BER performance in non-linear channels. This paper proposes an improved DSI method, which can achieve better PAPR and BER performances in the non-linear channel with less computation complexity than the conventional DSI method. The feature of proposed method is to employ the time-frequency domain swapping algorithm in the determination of frequency data for dummy sub-carriers. This paper presents various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed DSI method.