A stacked rectangular microstrip antenna with a shorting plate and a helical pin is proposed as a car antenna for triple band operation in ITS. The proposed antenna operates as a conventional stacked microstrip antenna at the highest frequency band. At the middle and the lowest frequency bands, the antenna radiates at low elevation angles from the helical pin and the shorting plate. In this paper, as an example of triple band antennas in the ITS, an antenna is designed that supports PHS, VICS and ETC. The proposed antennas have the proper radiation pattern for each application and are small in size.

Vision sensors provide rich sources of information, but sensing images and processing them in real time would be a challenging task. This paper introduces a vision system using SoCBase platform and presents heuristic designs of SAD correlation algorithm as a component of the vision system. Simulation results show that the vision system is suitable for real-time applications and that the heuristic designs of SAD algorithm are worth utilizing since they save a considerable amount of space with little sacrificing in quality.

This paper proposes a cross layer wireless VoIP service which integrates an Adaptive QoS Playout (AQP) algorithm, E-model, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) middleware and two user motion detection services. The proposed AQP algorithm integrates the effect of playout control and lost packet retransmission based on the E-model. Besides, by using the partial reliable transmission service from SCTP and the handoff notification from MIH services in a cross layer manner, AQP can reduce the lateness loss rate and improve speech quality under high frame error rates. In the simulations, the performance of AQP is compared with a fixed playout algorithm and four adaptive playout strategies. The simulation results show that the lateness loss rate of AQP is 2% lower than that of existing playout algorithms and the R-factor is 16% higher than the compared algorithms when a network has 50 ms wired propagation delay and 2.5% frame error rate.

We succeeded to develop a reference light source in the range of very low luminance using a double integrating sphere system, and calibrated a commercial spectrophotometer below 110-5 cd/m2 levels, which is 1/100 lower than the specified limit for measurement. And we improved measurements in the ultra low luminance range of displays using the calibrated commercial spectrophotometer and a dark sphere to suppress the influence of the surround.

This paper proposes a GPU-based method that can visualize voxelized surface data with fine and complicated features, has high rendering quality at interactive frame rates, and provides low memory consumption. The surface data is compressed using run-length encoding (RLE) for each level of detail (LOD). Then, the loop for the rendering process is performed on the GPU for the position of the viewpoint at each time instant. The scene is raycasted in planes, where each plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane in the world coordinate system and passes through the viewpoint. For each plane, one ray is cast to rasterize all RLE elements intersecting this plane, starting from the viewpoint and ranging up to the maximum view distance. This rasterization process projects each RLE element passing the occlusion test onto the screen at a LOD that decreases with the distance of the RLE element from the viewpoint. Finally, the smoothing of voxels in screen space and full screen anti-aliasing is performed. To provide lighting calculations without storing the normal vector inside the RLE data structure, our algorithm recovers the normal vectors from the rendered scene's depth buffer. After the viewpoint changes, the same process is re-executed for the new viewpoint. Experiments using different scenes have shown that the proposed algorithm is faster than the equivalent CPU implementation and other related methods. Our experiments further prove that this method is memory efficient and achieves high quality results.

This paper proposes a novel metamaterial structure, which equivalently indicates negative permittivity, for the purpose of applying it to a near-field imaging and/or diagnostics of electromagnetic properties by using a surface plasmon in microwave frequency range. The proposed structure consists of a conducting wire lattice with conducting spheres embedded at the mid-point of the wire. It is shown that a spatial dispersion of the wire lattice can be reduced significantly by the sphere. It is also shown that this structure can successfully be applied to an excitation of the surface plasmon in the microwave frequency range by adequately cutting into a thin slab.

In this letter, a new design of a metamaterial-based microstrip antenna is presented using triangular slots embedded on the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth. To improve the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, two resonant mode frequencies are closely allocated using the slotted ground without changing the radiator element. The impedance bandwidth of VSWR < 2.5 is measured at 2.43 GHz (37.6%) centered on 6.46 GHz, from 5.24 GHz to 7.67 GHz in good agreements with the simulated results.

In this paper, a human detection method is developed. An appearance based detector and a motion based detector are proposed respectively. A multi scale block histogram of template feature (MB-HOT) is used to detect human by the appearance. It integrates the gray value information and the gradient value information, and represents the relationship of three blocks. Experiment on INRIA dataset shows that this feature is more discriminative than other features, such as histogram of orientation gradient (HOG). A motion based feature is also proposed to capture the relative motion of human body. This feature is calculated in optical flow domain and experimental result in our dataset shows that this feature outperforms other motion based features. The detection responses obtained by two features are combined to reduce the false detection. Graphic process unit (GPU) based implementation is proposed to accelerate the calculation of two features, and make it suitable for real time applications.

This manuscript introduces a pointing interface for a tabletop display with a reflex in eye-hand coordination. The reflex is a natural response to inconsistency between kinetic information of a mouse and visual feedback of the mouse cursor. The reflex yields information on which side the user sees the screen from, so that the screen coordinates are aligned with the user's position.

Introducing diffusion bonding of laminated thin metal plates to the fabrication of slotted waveguide arrays enlightens the high potential and the feasibility of multi-layer antennas with high-performance. It is a promising process with low cost even for a double-layer antenna, because the number of etching patterns for thin metal plates is only five. In this paper, a double-layer antenna for broadband characteristics is designed in 39 GHz band as demonstration. A 20 20-element antenna is composed of 2 2 sub-arrays by installing a partially-corporate feed circuit in the bottom layer underneath radiating waveguides in the top layer. The five-element sub-arrays in both the feeding and radiating parts are designed first. A new structure for the last slot coupler with shortened termination is also proposed to avoid an extra slot-free region when assembling the neighbor sub-arrays. As the simulation results by HFSS, the maximum gain of 34.55 dBi with the antenna efficiency of 85.5% is estimated at 38.5 GHz. The test antenna is fabricated by the diffusion bonding of thin copper plates. As the measurement results, a very high aperture efficiency of 83.2% with the directivity of 34.5 dBi is realized at the center frequency of 38.75 GHz, where the antenna gain of 34.4 dBi with the high antenna efficiency of 81.4% is achieved. The bandwidth of 5.0% defined as 1 dB down from the maximum gain is achieved.

A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is located below a radiating patch of an planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) to achieve a compact hybrid antenna and a multiple band operation. Loop-type structures with PIFA shorting pins are used as feeds for both the DRA and the PIFA. The proposed antenna operates well in two frequency bands without perturbing the fundamental radiation characteristics of each operating radiation mode of the DRA and the PIFA. Its electromagnetic performance and the desirable practical size of the proposed hybrid antenna are attractive for small mobile communication devices.

In this report, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) -- SEM technique was applied to observe the tin plated fretting contacts. Spatial distributions of tin, tin oxide and so on have been confirmed quantitatively in two plating thickness of 1 and 5 µm.

This paper presents a low-power System on Chip (SOC) architecture for the v2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) Bluetooth and its applications. Our design includes a link controller, modem, RF transceiver, Sub-Band Codec (SBC), Expanded Instruction Set Computer (ESIC) processor, and peripherals. To decrease power consumption of the proposed SOC, we reduce data transfer using a dual-port memory, including a power management unit, and a clock gated approach. We also address some of issues and benefits of reusable and unified environment on a centralized data structure and SOC verification platform. This includes flexibility in meeting the final requirements using technology-independent tools wherever possible in various processes and for projects. The other aims of this work are to minimize design efforts by avoiding the same work done twice by different people and to reuse the similar environment and platform for different projects. This chip occupies a die size of 30 mm2 in 0.18 µm CMOS, and the worst-case current of the total chip is 54 mA.

An empirical dispersion formula is proposed and experimentally verified considering higher order modes of the conductor-backed coplanar waveguide with via holes. For this purpose, an effective dielectric constant is extracted up to 100 GHz from measured S-parameters. By fitting the extracted data, an empirical equation is extracted. The simulation of the Gaussian pulse transmission and the comparison results with the modeling data validate the reported expression.

A new design and experimental results of a microstrip-fed ultra-wideband Fermi antenna at millimeter-wave frequencies are presented. By utilizing a new microstrip-to-CPS balun (or transition), which provides wider bandwidth than conventional planar balun, the design of microstrip-fed Fermi antenna is greatly simplified. The proposed Fermi antenna demonstrates ultra-wideband performance for the frequency range of 23 to over 58 GHz with the antenna gain of 12 to 14 dBi and low sidelobe levels. This design yields highly effective solutions to various millimeter-wave phased-arrays and imaging systems.

We report on the first terahertz emission from a novel dual grating gate plasmon-resonant emitter fabricated with InAlAs/InGaAs/InP material systems. The introduction of InP based heterostructure material systems, instead of the GaAs based ones, in order to improve the quality factor, has successfully enhanced the THz emission intensity and realized the spectral narrowing at room temperature.

For tactile feedback in mobile devices, the size and the power consumption of tactile modules are the dominant factors. Thus, vibration motors have been widely used in mobile devices to provide tactile sensation. However, the vibration motor cannot sufficiently generate a great amount of tactile sensation because the magnitude and the frequency of the vibration motor are coupled. For the generation of a wide variety of tactile sensations, this paper presents a new tactile actuator that incorporates a solenoid, a permanent magnet and an elastic spring. The feedback force in this actuator is generated by elastic and electromagnetic force. This paper also proposes a tiny tactile module with the proposed actuators. To construct a tiny tactile module, the contactor gap of the module is minimized without decreasing the contactor stroke, the output force, and the working frequency. The elastic springs of the actuators are separated into several layers to minimize the contactor gap without decreasing the performance of the tactile module. Experiments were conducted to investigate each contactor output force as well as the frequency response of the proposed tactile module. Each contactor of the tactile module can generate enough output force to stimulate human mechanoreceptors. As the contactors are actuated in a wide range of frequency, the proposed tactile module can generate various tactile sensations. Moreover, the size of the proposed tactile module is small enough to be embedded it into a mobile device, and its power consumption is low. Therefore, the proposed tactile actuator and module have good potential in many interactive mobile devices.

We present an improved perfectly matched layer (PML) for the analysis of plasmonic structures, based on the manipulation of PML parameters. Two different types of stretched coordinate PML are employed sequentially in the spatial domain: a real stretched coordinate PML to increase the effective buffer space around plasmonic structures and a complex stretched coordinate PML to absorb outgoing waves and terminate the computational domain. Numerical examples show that a significant increase in computational efficiency is obtained because the proposed PML can be placed closer to plasmonic structures than the regular PML without affecting the field distribution of bound modes.

ICI (Inter-Cell Interference) mitigation schemes at the cell border are frequently dealt with as a special issue in 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution). However, few papers have analyzed the outage performance for the ICI mitigation schemes. In this paper, we propose a generalized cell planning scheme termed QBPA (Quality of Service based Band Power Allocation). Utilizing the QBPA scheme, we measure how much increase in channel capacity can be obtained through the flexible control of bandwidth and power in multi-cell forward-link environments. In addition, the feasible performance of the conventional schemes can be evaluated as long as those schemes are specific forms of the QBPA.

A post-wall center-feed waveguide consisting of T-junctions is proposed for reducing the slot-free area of a parallel plate slot array antenna. The width of the slot-free area is reduced from 2.6 λ0 to 2.1 λ0. A sidelobe level in the E-plane is expected to be suppressed lower than that of the conventional center-feed antenna using cross-junctions. The method of moments with solid-wall replacement designs initially the T-junctions and HFSS including the post surfaces modifies only the reflection cancelling post. We have designed and fabricated a 61.25 GHz model antenna with uniform aperture illumination. The sidelobe level in the E-plane is suppressed to -9.5 dB while that of a conventional cross-junction type is -7.8 dB. Also, we suppress it to -13.8 dB by introducing a -8.3 dB amplitude tapered distribution in the array of the radiation slot pairs.