Wide area virtualization of wireless transceivers by centrally managed software radio systems is a way to efficiently share the resources for supporting a variety of wireless protocols. In order to enable wide-area virtualization of wireless transceivers, the authors have developed a mechanism to deliver the radio space information which is quantized broadband radio wave information including the radio signals to the transceivers. Delivery mechanism consists of a distribution server which distributes radio space corresponding to the request of the client such as the center frequency and the bandwidth and a client which uses the radio space information. Accumulation of the distribution servers which deliver radio space information simultaneously to a large number of clients will contribute to build an infrastructure for any clients ubiquitously distributed over the globe. In this paper, scale-out architecture of a distribution server is proposed to deliver unlimitedly broadband radio space information to unlimited number of clients. Experimental implementation indicates the architecture to be a scale-out solution, while the number of clients is restricted by the computer resources of the distribution server. The band pass filter processing for individual client in the distribution server consumes the dominant part of the processing power, and the number of CPU cores is the upper limit of clients supportable for the distribution server in the current operating system implementation. The logical increase of the number of CPU cores by hardware multithreading does not contribute to relax this limit. We also discuss the guidance architecture or building server derived from these conclusions.

NAND flash storage devices, such as eMMCs and microSD cards, are now widely used in mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel buffer replacement scheme for mobile NAND flash storages. It efficiently improves write performance by evicting pages flash-friendly and maintains high cache hit ratios by managing pages in order of recency. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the best performing scheme in the recent literature, Sp.Clock, by 48%.

In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method for extracting carotid artery contours from ultrasound images based on an active contour approach. Several contour extraction techniques have been proposed to measure carotid artery walls for early detection of atherosclerotic disease. However, the majority of these techniques require a certain degree of user interaction that demands time and effort. Our proposal automatically detects the position of the carotid artery by identifying blood flow information related to the carotid artery, and an active contour model is employed that uses initial contours placed in the detected position. Our method also applies a global energy minimization scheme to the active contour model. Experiments on clinical cases show that the proposed method automatically extracts the carotid artery contours at an accuracy close to that achieved by manual extraction.

Due to the recent development of underlying hardware technology and improvement in installing environments, public display has been becoming more common and attracting more attention as a new type of signage. Any signage is required to make its content more attractive to its viewers by evaluating the current attractiveness on the fly, in order to deliver the message from the sender more effectively. However, most previous methods for public display require time to reflect the viewers' evaluations. In this paper, we present a novel system, called Mood-Learning Public Display, which automatically adapts its content design. This system utilizes viewers' involuntary behaviors as a sign of evaluation to make the content design more adapted to local viewers' tastes evolutionarily on site. The system removes the current gap between viewers' expectations and the content actually displayed on the display, and makes efficient mutual transmission of information between the cyberworld and the reality.

When deploying a new mobile technology such as LTE, it is crucial to identify the factors that affect the radio network in terms of capacity and quality of service. In this context, network coverage is arguably the single most influential factor. This work presents a metaheuristic-optimization approach to automatically adapt the signal losses due to clutter, based on a set of field measurements. The optimization procedure is performed regionally, enabling the calculation of accurate radio-propagation predictions. The evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out on three different regions in Slovenia, where Telekom Slovenije, d.d., provides LTE coverage. The results show radio-propagation predictions of improved quality and the benefits of the presented approach over manual methods, both in terms of problem size and solution accuracy.

This paper proposes a new address method to reduce the address power consumption in an AC plasma panel display (AC-PDP). We apply an overlap scan method, in which the scan pulse overlaps with those of the previous scan time and the next scan time. The overlap scan method decreases the address voltage and consequently reduces the address power consumption. However, the drawback of this method is the narrow address voltage margin. This occurs because the maximum address voltage decreases much more than the minimum address voltage does. In order to increase the address voltage margin, we apply a two-step address voltage waveform, in the overlap scan method. In this case, the maximum address voltage increases; however, the minimum address voltage is almost the same. This leads to a wide address voltage margin. Moreover, the two-step address voltage waveform reduces the address power consumption, because the address voltage rises and falls in two steps using an energy recovery capacitor. Consequently, the experimental results show that the new address method reduces the address power consumption by 19.6,Wh (58%) when compared with the conventional method.

The rendering mechanism plays an indispensable role in browser-based Web application. It generates active webpages dynamically and provides human-readable layout through template engines, which are used as a standard programming model to separate the business logic and data computations from the webpage presentation. The client-side rendering mechanism, owing to the advances of rich application technologies, has been widely adopted. The adoption of client side rendering brings not only various merits but also new problems. In this paper, we propose and construct “pagelet”, a segment-based template engine for developing flexible and extensible Web applications. By presenting principles, practice and usage experience of pagelet, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of possible advantages and disadvantages brought by client-side rendering mechanism from the viewpoints of both developers and end-users.

Performance suveyrance of CPML (Convolutional PML) for FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method in cylindrical coordinate system was carried out. The CPML was placed perpendicularly to the radial axis and designed to absorb diverging or converging waves. To be able to analyze microstructured optical fibers and disk/ring resonators we introduced finite axial wavenumbers into the FDTD formulation. We investigated the dependence of reflectivity upon CPML's constituteve parameters such as $kappa$ and $sigma$ for various curvature radii and the axial wavenumbers. As a result of evaluation we found that the reflectivity gradually increased togather with the increase of the wavenumber. We also confirmed that the absorption performance was of the similar order for the converging waves and the diverging ones provided that their curvature radii were the same.

The main purpose of this paper is to apply the boundary integral equation (BIE) method to the analysis of spoof localized surface plasmons (spoof LSPs) excited in a perfectly conducting cylinder with longitudinal corrugations. Frequency domain BIE schemes based on electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) and combined field integral equation (CFIE) formulations are used to solve two-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) problems of scattering from the cylinder illuminated by a transverse electric plane wave. In this approach effects of spoof LSPs are included in the secondary surface current and charge densities resulting from the interaction between the plane wave and the cylinder. Numerical results obtained with the BIE schemes are validated by comparison with that of a recently proposed modal solution based on the metamaterial approximation.

For next generation planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices, high function and high-density integration are required as well as downsizing and cost reduction. To realize these needs, high refractive index difference between a core and a clad $(Delta)$ is required. To use PLC for practical applications, silica-based PLC is one of the most attractive candidate. However, degradation of the optical properties and productivity occur when $Delta$ of the core becomes high. Thus, $Delta$ of most of the conventional PLC with GeO$_2$-SiO$_2$ core is designed less than 2.5%. In this paper, we report a silica-based ultra-high $Delta $ PLC with ZrO$_2$-SiO$_2$ core. 5.5%-$Delta$ ZrO$_2$-SiO$_2$ PLC has been realized with low propagation loss and basic characteristics has been confirmed. Potential of chip size reduction of the ZrO$_2$-SiO$_2$ PLC is shown.

This paper proposes a so called quasi-linear support vector machine (SVM), which is an SVM with a composite quasi-linear kernel. In the quasi-linear SVM model, the nonlinear separation hyperplane is approximated by multiple local linear models with interpolation. Instead of building multiple local SVM models separately, the quasi-linear SVM realizes the multi local linear model approach in the kernel level. That is, it is built exactly in the same way as a single SVM model, by composing a quasi-linear kernel. A guided partitioning method is proposed to obtain the local partitions for the composition of quasi-linear kernel function. Experiment results on artificial data and benchmark datasets show that the proposed method is effective and improves classification performances.

The body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain method (BOR-FDTD) based on the locally one-dimensional (LOD) scheme is extended to a frequency-dependent version for the analysis of the Drude and Drude-Lorentz models. The formulation is simplified with a fundamental scheme, in which the number of arithmetic operations is reduced by 40% in the right-hand sides of the resultant equations. Efficiency improvement of the LOD-BOR-FDTD is discussed through the analysis of a plasmonic rod waveguide and a plasmonic grating.

Triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, the authors have been studying a resilient network whose key element is a movable and deployable ICT resource unit. The resilient network needs a function of robust and immediate connection to a wide area network active outside the damaged area. This paper proposes an application of digital coherent technology for establishing optical interconnection between the movable ICT resource unit and existing network nodes through a photonic network, rapidly, easily and with the minimum in manual work. We develop a prototype of a 100Gbit/s digital coherent transponder which is installable to our movable and deployable ICT resource unit and experimentally confirm the robust and immediate connection by virtue of the plug and play function.

In this paper, an accurate player tracking method in far-view soccer videos based on a composite energy function is presented. In far-view soccer videos, player tracking methods that perform processing based only on visual features cannot accurately track players since each player region becomes small, and video coding causes color bleeding between player regions and the soccer field. In order to solve this problem, the proposed method performs player tracking on the basis of the following three elements. First, we utilize visual features based on uniform colors and player shapes. Second, since soccer players play in such a way as to maintain a formation, which is a positional pattern of players, we use this characteristic for player tracking. Third, since the movement direction of each player tends to change smoothly in successive frames of soccer videos, we also focus on this characteristic. Then we adopt three energies: a potential energy based on visual features, an elastic energy based on formations and a movement direction-based energy. Finally, we define a composite energy function that consists of the above three energies and track players by minimizing this energy function. Consequently, the proposed method achieves accurate player tracking in far-view soccer videos.

A queue layout of a graph G consists of a linear order of its vertices, and a partition of its edges into queues, such that no two edges in the same queue are nested. The queuenumber qn(G) is the minimum number of queues required in a queue layout of G. The Cartesian product of two graphs G1 = (V1,E1) and G2 = (V2,E2), denoted by G1 × G2, is the graph with {:v1 ∈ V1 and v2 ∈ V2} as its vertex set and an edge (,) belongs to G1×G2 if and only if either (u1,v1) ∈ E1 and u2 = v2 or (u2,v2) ∈ E2 and u1 = v1. Let Tk1,k2,...,kn denote the n-dimensional toroidal grid defined by the Cartesian product of n cycles with varied lengths, i.e., Tk1,k2,...,kn = Ck1 × Ck2 × … × Ckn, where Cki is a cycle of length ki ≥ 3. If k1 = k2 = … = kn = k, the graph is also called the k-ary n-cube and is denoted by Qnk. In this paper, we deal with queue layouts of toroidal grids and show the following bound: qn(Tk1,k2,...,kn) ≤ 2n-2 if n ≥ 2 and ki ≥ 3 for all i = 1,2,...,n. In particular, for n = 2 and k1,k2 ≥ 3, we acquire qn(Tk1,k2) = 2. Recently, Pai et al. (Inform. Process. Lett. 110 (2009) pp.50-56) showed that qn(Qnk) ≤ 2n-1 if n ≥1 and k ≥9. Thus, our result improves the bound of qn(Qnk) when n ≥2 and k ≥9.

This letter proposes an adaptive base plane filtering algorithm for the inter-plane estimation of RGB images in HEVC RExt. Because most high-frequency components of RGB images have low inter-plane correlation, our proposed scheme adaptively removes the high-frequency components of the base plane in order to enhance the inter-plane estimation accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides average BD rate gains of 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.2% in the G, B, and R planes, respectively, with slightly decreased complexity, as compared to the previous inter-plane filtering method.

To improve metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) performance, flat interface between gate insulator and silicon (Si) should be realized. In this paper, the influence of Si surface roughness on electrical characteristics of MOSFET with hafnium oxynitride (HfON) gate insulator formed by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering was investigated for the first time. The surface roughness of Si substrate was reduced by Ar/4.9%H2 annealing utilizing conventional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system. The obtained root-mean-square (RMS) roughness was 0.07nm (without annealed: 0.18nm). The HfON was formed by 2nm-thick HfN deposition followed by the Ar/O2 plasma oxidation. The electrical properties of HfON gate insulator were improved by reducing Si surface roughness. It was found that the current drivability of fabricated nMOSFETs was remarkably increased by reducing Si surface roughness. Furthermore, the reduction of Si surface roughness also leads to decrease of the 1/f noise.

Flexural waves on a thin elastic plate are governed by the fourth-order differential equation, which is attractive not only from a harmonic analysis viewpoint but also useful for an efficient numerical method in the elastdynamics. In this paper, we proposed two novel ideas: (1) use of the tensor bases to describe flexural waves on inhomogeneous elastic plates, (2) weak form discretization to derive the second-order difference equation from the fourth-order differential equation. The discretization method proposed in this study is of preliminary consideration about the recursive transfer method (RTM) to analyse the scattering problem of flexural waves. More importantly, the proposed discretization method can be applied to any system which can be formulated by the weak form theory. The accuracy of the difference equation derived by the proposed discretization method is confirmed by comparing the analytical and numerical solutions of waveguide modes. As a typical problem to confirm the validity of the resultant governing equation, the influence of the spatially modulated elastic constant in waveguide modes is discussed.

Mobile IPv6 is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard which permits node mobility in IPv6. To manage mobility, it establishes a centralized mediator, Home Agent (HA), which inevitably introduces several penalties like triangular routing, single point of failure and limited scalability. Some later extensions such as Global HAHA, which employed multiple HAs, made to alleviate above shortcomings by introducing Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) approach. However, Multiple HA model will not be beneficial, unless the HAs are located finely. But, no major research paper has focused on locating HAs. This paper examines impact of single and multiple HA placements in data plane, by using an Autonomous System (AS) level topology consisting of 30,000 nodes with several evaluation criteria. All possible placements of HA(s) are analysed on a fair, random set of 30,000 node pairs of Mobile Nodes (MN) and Correspondent Nodes (CN). Ultimate result provides a concise account of different HA placements: i.e. cost centrality interprets performance variation better than degree centrality or betweenness. 30,000 ASs are classified into three groups in terms of Freeman's closeness index and betweenness centrality: 1) high range group, 2) mid range group, and 3) low range group. Considering dual HA placement, if one HA is placed in an AS in the high range group, then any subsequent HA placement gives worse results, thus single HA placement is adequate. With the mid range group, similar results are demonstrated by the upper portion of the group, but the rest yields better results when combined with another HA. Finally, from the perspective of low range group, if the subsequent HA is placed in the high range group, it gives better result. On the other hand, betweenness based grouping yields varying results. Consequently, this study reveals that the Freeman's closeness index is most appropriate in determining impacts of HA placements among considered indices.

Travel recommendation and travel diary generation applications can benefit significantly from methods that infer the durations and locations of visits from travelers' GPS data. However, conventional inference methods, which cluster GPS points on the basis of their spatial distance, are not suited to inferring visit durations. This paper presents a pace-based clustering method to infer visit locations and durations. The method contributes two novel techniques: (1) It clusters GPS points logged during visits by considering the speed and applying a probabilistic density function for each trip. Consequently, it avoids clustering GPS points that are near but unrelated to visits. (2) It also includes additional GPS points in the clusters by considering their temporal sequence. As a result, it is able to complete the clusters with GPS points that are far from the visits but are logged during the visits, caused, for example, by GPS noise indoors. The results of an experimental evaluation comparing our proposed method with three published inference methods indicate that our proposed method infers the duration of a visit with an average error rate of 8.7%, notably outperforming the other methods.