Mining and explaining relationships between concepts are challenging tasks in the field of knowledge search. We propose a new approach for the tasks using disjoint paths formed by links in Wikipedia. Disjoint paths are easy to understand and do not contain redundant information. To achieve this approach, we propose a naive method, as well as a generalized flow based method, and a technique for mining more disjoint paths using the generalized flow based method. We also apply the approach to classification of relationships. Our experiments reveal that the generalized flow based method can mine many disjoint paths important for understanding a relationship, and the classification is effective for explaining relationships.

To meet the demand for light sources for on-chip optical interconnections, we demonstrate the continuous-wave (CW) operation of photonic-crystal (PhC) nanocavity lasers at up to 89.8 by using InP buried heterostructures (BH). The wavelength of a PhC laser can be precisely designed over a wide range exceeding 100 nm by controlling the lattice constant of the PhC. The dynamic responses of the PhC laser are also demonstrated with a 3-dB bandwidth of over 7.0 GHz at 66.2. These results reveal the laser's availability for application to wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical interconnection on CMOS chips. We discuss the total bandwidths of future on-chip optical interconnections, and report the capabilities of PhC lasers.

In our previous research, to achieve unequal error protection (UEP), we proposed a scheme which encodes the data by randomly switching between several codes which use different signal constellations and showed the effectiveness in AWGN channels. In this letter, we propose our UEP system using MMSE-FDE for fast and selective fading by using the fact that importance levels are changed every few symbols, i.e., every block, in the proposed system. We confirmed the improvement in BER performance and the effectiveness of adaptive equalization for the proposed system in fading channels. Moreover, in fading channels we confirmed the validity of the theoretical tradeoff shown in static conditions.

This paper presents a system for automatic generation of dancing animation that is synchronized with a piece of music by re-using motion capture data. Basically, the dancing motion is synthesized according to the rhythm and intensity features of music. For this purpose, we propose a novel meta motion graph structure to embed the necessary features including both rhythm and intensity, which is constructed on the motion capture database beforehand. In this paper, we consider two scenarios for non-streaming music and streaming music, where global search and local search are required respectively. In the case of the former, once a piece of music is input, the efficient dynamic programming algorithm can be employed to globally search a best path in the meta motion graph, where an objective function is properly designed by measuring the quality of beat synchronization, intensity matching, and motion smoothness. In the case of the latter, the input music is stored in a buffer in a streaming mode, then an efficient search method is presented for a certain amount of music data (called a segment) in the buffer with the same objective function, resulting in a segment-based search approach. For streaming applications, we define an additional property in the above meta motion graph to deal with the unpredictable future music, which guarantees that there is some motion to match the unknown remaining music. A user study with totally 60 subjects demonstrates that our system outperforms the stat-of-the-art techniques in both scenarios. Furthermore, our system improves the synthesis speed greatly (maximal speedup is more than 500 times), which is essential for mobile applications. We have implemented our system on commercially available smart phones and confirmed that it works well on these mobile phones.

Virtualization technologies are widely deployed in data centers to improve system utilization. However, they increase the workload for operators, who have to manage the structure of virtual networks in data centers. A virtual-network management system which automates the integration of the configurations of the virtual networks is provided. The proposed system collects the configurations from server virtualization platforms and VLAN-supported switches, and integrates these configurations according to a newly developed XML-based management information model for virtual-network configurations. Preliminary evaluations show that the proposed system helps operators by reducing the time to acquire the configurations from devices and correct the inconsistency of operators' configuration management database by about 40 percent. Further, they also show that the proposed system has excellent scalability; the system takes less than 20 minutes to acquire the virtual-network configurations from a large scale network that includes 300 virtual machines. These results imply that the proposed system is effective for improving the configuration management process for virtual networks in data centers.

Cooperative relaying, while effective in mitigating fading effects, might reduce the overall network throughput since its overhead such as additional time slot and frequency band can be significant. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a superposition coding based cooperative relay scheme to provide reliable transmission with little or no overhead. This scheme exploits the superimposed messages for users in the network to achieve the simultaneous transmission of two or more independent data streams. This scheme reduces the number of transmission phases to the same as that of conventional cooperative relay schemes. The symbol error performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and simulated.

A user identity anonymity is an important property for roaming services. In 2011, Kang et al. proposed an improved user authentication scheme that guarantees user anonymity in wireless communications. This letter shows that Kang et al.'s improved scheme still cannot provide user anonymity as they claimed.

We study the properties of information dissemination over location-aware gossiping networks leveraging location-based real-time communication applications. Gossiping is a promising method for quickly disseminating messages in a large-scale system, but in its application to information dissemination for location-aware applications, it is important to consider the network topology and patterns of spatial dissemination over the network in order to achieve effective delivery of messages to potentially interested users. To this end, we propose a continuous-space network model extended from Kleinberg's small-world model applicable to actual location-based applications. Analytical and simulation-based study shows that the proposed network achieves high dissemination efficiency resulting from geographically neutral dissemination patterns as well as selective dissemination to proximate users. We have designed a highly scalable location management method capable of promptly updating the network topology in response to node movement and have implemented a distributed simulator to perform dynamic target pursuit experiments as one example of applications that are the most sensitive to message forwarding delay. The experimental results show that the proposed network surpasses other types of networks in pursuit efficiency and achieves the desirable dissemination patterns.

In this paper, a novel framework for extracting visual feature-based keyword relationships from an image database is proposed. From the characteristic that a set of relevant keywords tends to have common visual features, the keyword relationships in a target image database are extracted by using the following two steps. First, the relationship between each keyword and its corresponding visual features is modeled by using a classifier. This step enables detection of visual features related to each keyword. In the second step, the keyword relationships are extracted from the obtained results. Specifically, in order to measure the relevance between two keywords, the proposed method removes visual features related to one keyword from training images and monitors the performance of the classifier obtained for the other keyword. This measurement is the biggest difference from other conventional methods that focus on only keyword co-occurrences or visual similarities. Results of experiments conducted using an image database showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A gated sense amplifier (GSA) consisting of a low-Vt gated preamplifier (LGA) and a high-Vt sense amplifier (SA) is proposed. The gating scheme of the LGA enables quick amplification of an initial cell signal voltage (vS0) because of its low Vt and prevents the cell signal from degrading due to interference noise between data lines. As for a conventional sense amplifier (CSA), this new type of noise causes sensing error, and the noise-generation mechanism was clarified for the first time by analysis of vS0. The high-Vt SA holds the amplified signal and keeps subthreshold current low. Moreover, the gating scheme of the low-Vt MOSFETs in the LGA drives the I/O line quickly. The GSA thus simultaneously achieves fast sensing, low-leakage data holding, and fast I/O driving, even for sub-1-V mid-point sensing. The GSA is promising for future sub-1-V gigabit dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) because of reduced variations in the threshold voltage of MOSFETs; thus, the offset voltage of the LGA is reduced. The effectiveness of the GSA was verified with a 70-nm 512-Mbit DRAM chip. It demonstrated row access time (tRCD) of 16.4 ns and read access (tAA) of 14.3 ns at array voltage of 0.9 V.

This letter is concerned with cellular controlled short-range communication (CCSRC) systems, which can provide a significant performance gain over the traditional cellular systems as shown in the literature. However, to obtain such a gain, CCSRC systems need perfect channel state information (CSI) of all users and the complexity of setting up the optimal cooperative clusters is factorial with respect to the number of potentially cooperative users, which is very unrealistic in practical systems. To solve this problem, we propose a novel cooperative strategy, where CCSRC systems only need the distances between all user pairs and the complexity of setting up the cooperative clusters is relatively low. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed strategy is close to optimal.

This paper discusses a control system that employs a power line to transfer signals to control the motion of a single machine, and explores the influence of packet losses on the quality of the control. As an example of a controlled system, a controller with a rotary inverted pendulum as a controlled object, is considered. The feedback loop in between is the power line. The control performance is evaluated in the power line cyclostationary noise environment and compared against the performance in a stationary noise environment. As a result, it is confirmed that the power line and its cyclostationary noise features present an advantage against transmission in a channel with stationary noise.

We have developed a process for the fabrication of high-quality Nb/AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions with small area and high current densities for the heterodyne mixers at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Their dc I-V curves are numerically studied, including the broadening of quasiparticle density of states resulting from the existence of an imaginary part of the gap energy of Nb. We have found both experimentally and numerically that the subgap current is strongly dependent on bias voltage at temperatures below 4.2 K unlike the prediction of the BCS tunneling theory. It is shown that calculated dc I-V curves taking into account the complex number of the gap energy agree well with those of Nb/AlOx/Nb junctions measured at temperatures from 0.4 to 4.2 K. We have successfully built receivers at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths with the noise temperature as low as 4 times the quantum photon noise, employing those high-quality Nb/AlOx/Nb junctions. Those low-noise receivers are to be installed in the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array) telescope and they are going into series production now.

This letter presents an analytical study of outage probability of a 3G/Ad Hoc cooperative network. The considered cooperative network can improve the signal quality so as to decrease the outage probability. Meanwhile, it imposes additional interference on other ongoing users. But on the whole, our analytical study and simulation results show that the cooperative network can still effectively overcome outage event and decrease the average outage probability.

In this letter, we introduce a novel patch sampling strategy for the task of image classification, which is fundamentally different from current patch sampling strategies. A top-down guidance learned from training images is used to guide patch sampling towards informative regions. Experiment results show that this approach achieved noticeable improvement over baseline patch sampling strategies for the classification of both object categories and scene categories.

We show a technique for estimating an upper bound of the Gowers norm of modulo functions over prime fields, which reduces the estimation to the greatest common divisor of some periodic sequences. This estimation provides inapproximability of the modulo functions by low-degree polynomials over prime fields, which is a generalization of Viola and Wigderson's result in the case of the binary field.

This paper proposes a method of designing EM absorber panels under oblique incident waves. TM and TE wave reflection characteristics of the absorber panel show its anisotropy under oblique incidence. By using the wire array sheet proposed this paper, TM and TE reflection coefficients in oblique incidence can be matched at almost the same frequency range.

This paper proposes Direct Spectrum Division Transmission with spectrum editing technique. The transmitter divides the single carrier modulated signal into multiple “sub-spectra” in the frequency domain and arranges each sub-spectrum so as to more fully utilize the unused frequency resources. In the receiver, the divided sub-spectra are combined in the frequency domain and demodulated. By editing the divided spectrum in the frequency domain, the total bandwidth occupied by the multiple “sub-spectra” is less than that of the modulated signal. The proposed technique allows the unused frequency resources scattered across the bands to be better utilized. Simulations show that the proposed technique makes the bit error rate negligible.

This letter focuses on the performance analysis on the Adaptive Sidelobe Blanker (ASB) detection algorithm in homogeneous environments, and provides closed summation expressions for Probability of Detection (PD) and Probability of False Alarm (PFA) rate in terms of hypergeometric function. The derived results are more powerful and effective than previous integral ones. Moreover, the framework can be modified to solve the the performance analysis problem involving in F or/and beta distributions. Several numerical evaluations of the convergence rate and computation time are provided and discussed.

Physical channels of the intra-body communications, in which communications are performed by exciting electric field around the human body, have been treated as a capacitive circuit from the beginning of the development. Although the circuit-like understanding of the channels are helpful to design devices and systems, there is a problem that the results may be invalid if the circuit parameters are incorrectly estimated. In the present study, the values of the circuit parameters are properly derived by solving a boundary value problem of electric potentials of the conductors. Furthermore, approximate models which are appropriate for cases that some of the conductors are grounded are investigated.