A 2 to 5 GHz-band self frequency dividing quadrature mixer utilizing current re-use configuration with small size and broad band operation is proposed for a direct conversion receiver and a low-IF receiver of cognitive radio. The proposed mixer operates at twice the LO frequency by directly using a static type flip-flop frequency divider as the LO switching circuit for quadrature signal generation. The current re-use configuration is realized because the dc current of the frequency divider and the RF common-emitter amplifier share the same current flow path. Simulations and experiments verify that the proposed mixer offers broad band operation, miniaturization, and low power consumption. The mixer IC fabricated by 0.35 µm SiGe-BiCMOS technology achieved the conversion gain of 20.6 dB, noise figure of 11.9 dB and EVM for π/4-shift QPSK signal of 4.4% at 2.1 GHz with power consumption of 15 mW and size of 0.22 0.31 mm2. For the confirmation of broad band operation, the characteristics of conversion gain and noise figure were measured at 5.2 GHz. The proposed mixer could operate at 5.2 GHz with enough conversion gain, but the noise figure was inferior to that of 2.1 GHz. Therefore the further investigation and improvement about the noise figure will be needed for higher frequency.

In this paper, we study low complexity transceiver for double space time transmit diversity (DSTTD) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with antenna shuffling. Firstly, we propose a novel antenna shuffling method based on the criterion of minimizing the condition number of channel correlation matrix. The condition number is an indicator about the quality of the channel. By selecting the minimum of condition number which has better channel quality, consequently, a linear detector with respect to this new channel may achieve better performance results. A low complexity variant of the condition number calculation is also proposed, and it is shown that this criterion can be reduced to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) based criterion. Furthermore, the weighted soft decision Viterbi decoding is applied to mitigate noise enhancement inherent to zero forcing (ZF) and MMSE linear receivers and improve error rate performance. Next, we propose an algorithm to reduce the amount of feedback by exploiting the fact that the channel frequency responses across OFDM subcarriers are correlated. In the proposed algorithm, subcarriers are clustered in blocks, which are allocated the same shuffling pattern with the largest number of the shuffling patterns in the cluster. This way, the signaling overhead can be reduced in comparison with each subcarrier based feedback. Extensive simulations show that the proposed techniques for DSTTD-OFDM system outperform other existing techniques under both uncorrelated and highly spatial correlated frequency selective MIMO fading channels.

In a Direct-Sequence/Spread-Spectrum (DS/SS) system, a RAKE receiver is used to improve a bit error rate (BER) performance. The RAKE receiver can collect more signal energy through independent paths and achieve path diversity. The RAKE receiver obtains further diversity gain through fractional sampling. However, the power consumption of the RAKE receiver increases in proportion to a sampling rate and does not always maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, sampling rate selection schemes have been proposed to reduce the average sampling rate without degrading the BER. These schemes select the tap positions and the sampling rate depending on channel conditions and the power consumption can be reduced. In this paper, sampling rate selection schemes for the DS/SS system are investigated through an experiment since there have been no numerical results through an experiment. Numerical results show that the power consumption can be reduced even through the experiment without the degradation of the BER.

This paper describes the architecture and implementations of an automatic digital tuning circuit for a complex bandpass filter (BPF) in a low-power and low-cost transceiver for applications such as personal authentication and wireless sensor network systems. The architectural design analysis demonstrates that an active RC filter in a low-IF architecture can be at least 47.7% smaller in area than a conventional gm-C filter; in addition, it features a simple implementation of an associated tuning circuit. The principle of simultaneous tuning of both the center frequency and bandwidth through calibration of a capacitor array is illustrated as based on an analysis of filter characteristics, and a scalable automatic digital tuning circuit with simple analog blocks and control logic having only 835 gates is introduced. The developed capacitor tuning technique can achieve a tuning error of less than 3.5% and lower a peaking in the passband filter characteristics. An experimental complex BPF using 0.18 µm CMOS technology can successfully reduce the tuning error from an initial value of -20% to less than 2.5% after tuning. The filter block dimensions are 1.22 mm1.01 mm; and in measurement results of the developed complex BPF with the automatic digital tuning circuit, current consumption is 705 µA and the image rejection ratio is 40.3 dB. Complete evaluation of the BPF indicates that this technique can be applied to low-power, low-cost transceivers.

This paper proposes a hybrid multiband (MB) ultra wideband (UWB) system with direct sequence (DS) spreading. The theoretical error analysis for the DS-MB-UWB multiple access system with Rake receiver in the presence of multipath and narrowband interference is developed. The developed theoretical framework models the multiple access interference (MAI), multipath interference (MI) and narrowband interference for the designed UWB system. It is shown that the system error performance corresponding to the combining effects of these interference can be accurately modeled and calculated. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to validate the accuracy of the model. Additionally, it is found that narrowband interference can be mitigated effectively in the multiband UWB system by suppressing the particular UWB sub-band co-existing with the interfering narrowband signal. A typical improvement of 5 dB can be achieved with 75% sub-band power suppression. On the other hand, suppression of UWB sub-band is also found to decrease frequency diversity, thus facilitating the increase of MAI. In this paper, the developed model is utilized to determine the parameters that optimize the UWB system performance by minimizing the effective interference.

In OFDM systems, the estimation/correction of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is crucial to maintain orthogonality among subcarriers. However, the CFO estimation suffers from DC offset (DCO) generated in low-cost direct-conversion receivers (DCRs). More seriously, in practice, DCO is time-varying due to the automatic gain control. In this paper, a novel CFO estimator in the presence of time-varying DCO is proposed. It is shown the residual DCO after high-pass filtering varies in a linear fashion. Based on this observation and the periodicity of the training sequence, we derive a CFO estimator independent of DCO. Also, the residual DCO can be estimated, using the obtained CFO. The validity of the proposed estimation method is demonstrated by simulations.

We present our recent work on monolithically integrated devices comprising a variety of functional elements such as high speed optical transmitters and receivers, electro-absorption modulators integrated with tunable dispersion compensators and fast-tunable wavelength converters.

In direct-conversion orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers, the impact of frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch (IQ-M) with carrier frequency offset (CFO) must be considered. A preamble-assisted estimation is developed to circumvent the frequency-dependent IQ-M with CFO. The results of a simulation and an experiment show that the proposed method could provide good estimation efficiency and enhance the system performance. Moreover, the proposed scheme is compatible with current wireless local area network standards.

An equalizer initialization technique for least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, which can equalize frequency selective multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels, is presented and analyzed. The proposed method conducts an initial convergence step for superior training prior to running the LMS algorithm. This approach raises the training performance while the complexity of the LMS algorithm, which is known as the simplest training algorithm, is almost the same. The proposed technique is analyzed for the initial convergence and simulated for a possible single carrier MIMO application in single carrier (SC) IEEE802.16-2004 standards. The obtained performance after coding approximates the performance of the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm as it is presented for 33 and 55 MIMO for comparisons.

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is a non-linear modulation technique whose power and bandwidth efficiency make it an attractive choice for mobile communication systems. Current research has focused on devising encoding rules for using CPM over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in order to obtain the improved bit error rate (BER) and high data rates promised by MIMO technology. In this paper, optimal and suboptimal non-coherent receivers for a class of CPM signals called orthogonal space-time CPM (OST-CPM) are derived under a quasi-static fading channel assumption. The performance of these receivers is characterized and shown to achieve the same diversity order as that of the corresponding optimal coherent receiver.

This paper describes recent technology trend of mixed analog digital RF circuits. With the progress of CMOS technology, large-scale digital signal process and control function can be integrated in an RF integrated circuit and some analog signal process blocks can be translated to digital signal processing units. At the same time, the design of remaining analog functional blocks becomes very hard. In this paper, those integration techniques for receiver and transmitter in these 20 years are reviewed. As a typical example of digital assisted systems, synthesizer based transmitters are discussed in detail.

The 3GPP Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) system, as compared to the LTE system, is anticipated to include several new features and enhancements, such as the usage of channel bandwidth beyond 20 MHz (up 100 MHz), higher order multiple input multiple output (MIMO) for both downlink and uplink transmissions, larger capacity especially for cell edge user equipment, and voice over IP (VoIP) users, and wider coverage and etc. This paper presents some key enabling technologies including flexible uplink access schemes, advanced uplink MIMO receiver designs, cell search, adaptive hybrid ARQ, and multi-resolution MIMO precoding, for the LTE-A system.

This paper proposes joint maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection and spatial filtering for MIMO-OFDM mobile communications; it offers excellent receiver performance even over interference-limited channels. The proposed joint processor consists of a log likelihood generator and a MAP equalizer. The log likelihood generator suppresses cochannel interference by spatially filtering received signals and provides branch metrics of transmitted signal candidates. Using the branch metrics, the MAP equalizer generates log likelihood ratios of coded bits and performs channel decoding based on the MAP criterion. In the first stage, the log likelihood generator performs spatio-temporal filtering (STF) of the received signals prior to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and is referred to as preFFT-type STF. Estimation of parameters including tap coefficients of the spatio-temporal filters and equivalent channel impulse responses of desired signals is based on the eigenvalue decomposition of an autocorrelation matrix of both the received and transmitted signals. For further improvement, in the second stage, the generator performs spatial filtering (SF) of the FFT output and is referred to as postFFT-type SF. Estimation of both tap coefficients of the spatial filters and channel impulse responses employs the recursive least squares (RLS) with smoothing. The reason for switching from preFFT-type STF into postFFT-type SF is that preFFT-type STF outperforms postFFT-type SF with a limited number of preamble symbols while postFFT-type SF outperforms preFFT-type STF when data symbols can be reliably detected and used for the parameter estimation. Note that there are two major differences between the proposed and conventional schemes: one is that the proposed scheme performs the two-stage processing of preFFT-type STF and postFFT-type SF, while the other is that the smoothing algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation of the proposed scheme. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve excellent PER performance under interference-limited channel conditions and that it can outperform the conventional joint processing of preFFT-type STF and the MAP equalizer.

In this paper, a novel model of Gaussian pulse propagation in optical fiber is proposed to comprehensively analyze the impact of Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) on the performance of two-dimensional wavelength hopping/time spreading optical code division multiple access (2-D WH/TS OCDMA) systems. In addition, many noise and interferences, including multiple access interference (MAI), optical beating interference (OBI), and receiver's noise are included in the analysis. Besides, we propose to use the heterodyne detection receiver so that the receiver's sensitivity can be improved. Analytical results show that, under the impact of GVD, the number of supportable users is extremely decreased and the maximum transmission length (i.e. the length at which BER 10-9 can be maintained) is remarkably shortened in the case of normal single mode fiber (ITU-T G.652) is used. The main factor that limits the system performance is time skewing. In addition, we show how the impact of GVD is relieved by dispersion-shifted fiber (ITU-T G.653). For example, a system with 321 Gbit/s users can achieve a maximum transmission length of 111 km when transmitted optical power per bit is -5 dBm.

This paper presents the baseband receiver design and implementation for the ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless personal area networks (WPAN). In particular, the receiver algorithms, which include frame detection, timing/frequency synchronization, and channel estimation, are designed and implemented. Simulation results demonstrate that the receiver has a packet error rate of less than 8% when Eb/N0 = 4.7 dB, link margin = 10.7 dB, and data rate = 200 Mb/s. The proposed design has been designed using 0.13 µm single-poly eight-metal CMOS process. The overall power dissipation is 132 mW at a 132 MHz system clock, while the core area is 5.62 mm2.

In INDOCRYPT 2006, Chatterjee and Sarkar suggested a multi-receiver identity-based key encapsulation mechanism that is secure in the full model without random oracles. Until now, it has been believed that their scheme is the only one to provide such a security feature, while achieving sub-linear size ciphertext. In this letter, we show that their scheme is insecure in the sense that any revoked user can retrieve a message encryption key, even without colluding with other revoked users. Our attack comes from an analysis of a publicly computable surjective function used in the scheme.

In order to effectively improve the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance of noncoherent IR-UWB (Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band) systems utilizing 2PPM (Binary Pulse Position Modulation), we propose a selective signal combining scheme which performs selective combination of received signals by estimating the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of the energies during the pulse width interval.

We propose a selective detection scheme based on pulse repetition considering both BER (Bit Error Rate) performance and complexity in coherent UWB (Ultra Wide Band) systems. To take system complexity into account, the proposed scheme transmits the UWB signals by pulse repetition at the transmitter, like conventional PRC (Pulse Repetition Coding). However, to effectively improve BER performance of the system, the proposed scheme performs selective detection by estimating the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of the received pulse-repeated signal at the UWB receiver.

Combining transmission of ultra wideband pulses, organized in blocks, with the inclusion of cyclic prefixing pulses yields a pulsewidth periodic signal at the receiver. Although unknown, this signal fits perfectly the diversity exploitive architecture of a RAKE receiver. Aiming to profit from this signal arrangement, we propose a pulse shape modulation system employing a RAKE receiver that estimates this periodic signal during a training interval and uses the estimated values for detection of data symbols. Our proposal relies on the invariability of the multipath propagation channel during the transmission of a UWB packet, the adequate application of the cyclic prefix, and the fact that different transmitted pulses result in different periodic signals at the receiver. This system is equivalent to transforming the multipath nature of the UWB propagation channel into a multichannel digital communications affected solely by additive noise. Our proposal is important because it ameliorates the performance of a pulse shape modulation RAKE receiver. On the other hand, the cost of our proposed system resides in the inefficiencies product of the cyclic prefix inclusion.

During the execution of precise ranging in the time domain, the most important fact to consider is how to achieve an accurate estimate of the time corresponding to first arrival of the transmitter. However, it is difficult to extract an estimate of the time-of-arrival (TOA) through use of a simple correlator due to degradation on correlation, and in the case where the pulse repetition interval (PRI) is less than the maximum excess delay (MED). In order to enhance the correlation capability, this paper proposes a TOA estimation method that obeys a threshold predetermined in a non-coherent system using multiple-mask operation (MMO). The performance of the proposed scheme is verified by conducting simulations under two different types of channel situations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs well even in a dense indoor multipath environment and with the existence of multiple simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs).