In this paper we present a component approach for configurable network processing for active documents. The approach has two key ideas. The first is to enable documents to process themselves on networks. That is, documents can define their own itineraries, like the notion of active packets in active network technology. The second is to enable documents to transmit other documents to their destinations as first-class objects, such as the notion of active nodes in active netwwork technology. The approach also enables buidling and managing active documents as compound documents. The dynamic deployment of network processing for exchanging documents can be defined and achieved by means of GUI-based manipulation of compound documents. Therefore, the approach allows a user to easily and rapidly develop and customize network processing in the same way as if that user had edited the documents. A prototype implementation of the approach and its applications were constructed on a Java-based mobile agent system to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach.

Recently, broadband access is widely spreading, and many broadband network E-commerce services are planned and developed. This article proposes a broadband online shop where a videoconferencing system is used to enable direct, face-to-face communication. It is important for a broadband online shop to understand what preference their customers want in order to provide them with more appropriate information. By using customer preferences, a salesclerk can have a serviceable conversation with few questions to his online customers. So, we are developing a visual Customer Relationship Management system (v-CRM system) that offers customer preferences to broadband network service such as broadband online shop. In this paper, we classify customer preferences, and describe three visualization methods that enable customer preferences to be intuitively understood quickly. We outline the v-CRM evaluation system and describe an experiment where we evaluated how accurately customer preferences can be recognized using these methods. The results show that v-CRM system is effective for understanding customer preferences.

Techniques for automatic program recognition, at the algorithmic level, could be of high interest for the area of Software Maintenance, in particular for knowledge based reengineering, because the selection of suitable restructuring strategies is mainly driven by algorithmic features of the code. In this paper an automated hierarchical concept parsing recognition technique, and a formalism for the specification of algorithmic concepts, is presented. Based on this technique, the design and development of ALCOR, a production rule based system for automatic recognition of algorithmic concepts within programs, aimed at support of knowledge based reengineering for high performance, is presented.

The unpredictable behavior of cache memory makes it difficult to statically analyze the worst-case performance of real-time systems. This problem is further exacerbated in the case of preemptive multitask systems because of inter-task cache interference, called Cache-Related Preemption Delay (CRPD). This paper proposes an approach to analyzing the tight upper bound on CRPD which a task might impose on lower-priority tasks. Our method finds the program execution path which requires the maximum number of cache blocks using an integer linear programming technique. Experimental results show that our approach provides up to 69% tighter bounds on CRPD than a conservative approach.

All-CMOS radio transceivers and systems-on-a-chip are rapidly making inroads on a wireless market that for years was dominated by bipolar and BiCMOS solutions. It is not a matter of replacing bipolar transistors in known circuit topologies with FETs; the wave of RF-CMOS brings with it new architectures and unprecedented levels of integration. What are its origins? What is the commercial impact? How will RF-CMOS evolve in the future? This paper offers a retrospective and a perspective.

Scenarios that describe concrete situations of software operation play an important role in software development and especially in requirements engineering. Scenario details should vary in content when described from different viewpoints, but this presents a difficulty, because an informal scenario from one viewpoint can not easily be transformed into a scenario from another viewpoint with consistency and assurance. This paper describes (1) a language for describing scenarios in which simple action traces are embellished to include typed frames based on a simple case grammar of actions, and (2) a method to accomplish the transformation between scenarios from different viewpoints based on the scenario description language.

Cohesion is an important software attribute, and it is one of significant criteria for assessing object-oriented software quality. Although several metrics for measuring cohesion have been proposed, there is an aspect which has not been supported by those existing metrics, that is "cohesive-part size." This paper proposes a new metric focusing on "cohesive-part size," and evaluates it in both of qualitative and quantitative ways, with a mathematical framework and an experiment measuring some Java classes, respectively. Through those evaluations, the proposed metric is showed to be a reasonable metric, and not redundant one. It can collaborate with other existing metrics in measuring class cohesion, and will contribute to more accurate measurement.

Comparison of intelligent and random testing in data inputting is still under discussion. Little is also known about testing for the whole software and empirical testing methodology when random testing used. This study research not only for data inputting testing, but also operation of software (called transitions) in order to test the whole GUI software by intelligent and random testing. Methodology of this study is that we attempt to research efficiency of random and intelligent testing by Chinese postman problem. In general, random testing is considered straightforward but not efficient. Chinese postman problem testing is complicated but efficient. The comparison between random and intelligent testing would give further recommendation for software testing methodology.

This paper proposes a hardware/software cosynthesis algorithm for processors with heterogeneous registers. Given a CDFG corresponding to an application program and a timing constraint, the algorithm generates a processor configuration minimizing area of the processor and an assembly code on the processor. First, the algorithm configures a datapath which can execute several DFG nodes with data dependency at one cycle. The datapath can execute the application program at the least number of cycles. The branch and bound algorithm is applied and all the number of functional units and memory banks are tried. For an assumed number of functional units and memory banks, an appropriate number of heterogeneous registers and connections to functional units and registers are explored. The experimental results show effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.

For more than twenty-five years software inspections have been considered an effective method for defect detection. Inspections have been investigated through controlled experiments in university environment and industry case studies. However, in most cases software inspections have been used for defect detection in documents of conventional structured development process. Therefore, there is a significant lack of information about how inspections should be applied to Object-Oriented artifacts, such as Object-Oriented code and design diagrams. In addition, extensive work is needed to determine whether some inspection techniques can be more beneficial than others. Most inspection experiments include inspection meetings after individual inspection is completed. However, several researchers suggested that inspection meetings may not be necessary since an insignificant number of new defects are found as a result of inspection meeting. Moreover, inspection meetings have been found to suffer from process loss. This paper presents the findings of a controlled experiment that was conducted to investigate the performance of individual inspectors as well as 3-person teams in Object-Oriented design document inspection. Documents were written using the notation of Unified Modelling Language. Two reading techniques, namely Checklist-based reading (CBR) and Perspective-based reading (PBR), were used during experiment. We found that both techniques are similar with respect to defect detection effectiveness during individual inspection as well as during inspection meetings. Investigating the usefulness of inspection meetings, we found out that the teams that used CBR technique exhibited significantly smaller meeting gains (number of new defect first found during team meeting) than meeting losses (number of defects first identified by an individual but never included into defect list by a team); meanwhile the meeting gains were similar to meeting losses of the teams that used PBR technique. Consequently, CBR 3-person team meetings turned out to be less beneficial than PBR 3-person team meetings.

This paper proposes a framework for distributed network management by incorporating fault and performance management metrics in a hierarchical decision making model. The goal of this research is to automate the fault management process. The fault management system is organized as a three level information processing model. Correlation results from each level are provided as evidence to the next level. Causal and temporal relationships between monitored variables are captured using Dynamic Bayesian Networks. As evidence is gathered, the probability of the presence of a fault is either strengthened or weakened. The proposed model is used for proactive fault detection as well as fault isolation purposes. A prototype implementing the ideas is presented.

This paper describes the design concept and implementation of a software platform for realization of symbiotic robots that interact intelligently with human in symbiosis manner. Such robots require proper combination of various technologies on a common platform that allows them to work co-operatively. "SPAK" has been developed to serve this purpose. It is a Java-based software platform to support knowledge processing and co-ordination of tasks among several software modules and agents representing the robotic hardware connected on a network. SPAK features frame-based knowledge system, a GUI knowledge building tool, forward and backward chaining engines, networking support, and class libraries for building software agent components. Beside the robotic applications, SPAK can be used as a general-purpose frame system as well. An experimental application of SPAK in human-robot interaction is also given.

A non-data aided carrier recovery technique using digital modulation format identification called multi-mode PLL (Phase Locked Loop) is proposed. This technique can be interpreted as a modulation identification method that is robust against static phase and frequency offsets. The performance of the proposed technique is studied and the analytical expressions are derived for the probability of lock detection, acquisition time over AWGN channel in the cases of M-PSK and M-QAM modulations with respect to frequency offset and signal-to-noise ratio.

Software inspection is one of the most effective methods to detect defects. However, inspections are not always worthwhile. This letter proposes an inspection cost model to describe inspections-related costs and extended metrics to evaluate the cost effectiveness of software inspections.

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) receiver has the ability of operating in a multi-mode environment and has wide applications. However, efficient recognition of the currently active modulation system in real-time is a major problem faced by many applications. In this paper, an efficient method for the recognition of modulation system in a SDR receiver is proposed. The method is a classical two-stage approach based on (i) decision feature extraction and (ii) modulation system classification. In the first stage, decision features are extracted by the use of digital quadrature polyphase filter. In the second stage, an efficient parallel decision algorithm is proposed to classify the active modulation type. This proposed algorithm is proof to be more efficient than the conventional type of decision-tree approach. The complete recognition system is implemented using MATLAB. Simulation result shows that the proposed method achieved good robustness even with the presence of band-limited Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The overall successful recognition rate of 98.5% can be achieved even at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 8 dB.

Software reuse has been recognized as important. According to our research, when a software product is reused, products correlated to the reused one may be reusable. This paper proposes a model for software products and a technique to retrieve correlated products. The paper also presents equations to evaluate correlation values, which is guidance for selecting reusable correlated products. Since correlated products can be identified by tracing product relationships, the proposed model manages both products and relationships.

Interest in the regulatory issues for Software Defined Radio (SDR) is spreading worldwide since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recently recognized SDR and created a new category for SDR authorization. SDR technology will bring enormous benefits to the field of wireless services. However, in order to ensure such benefits, revisions of the radio law and/or related ordinances are required regardless of standardization of the software downloading and other implementation details. In order to define the issues peculiar to SDR and to investigate how conformity evaluation should be conducted for radio equipments whose RF characteristics can be altered by software changes in the field, "Study Group on Software Technology for Radio Equipment" was organized by the Telecom Engineering Center (TELEC) in 2000. This paper summarizes a report of the Study Group that was published in March 2003 including the proposal for "Technical regulation conformity evaluation system," the principal output of the study, which proposes how to prevent unauthorized changes to radio equipment in the field.

Many carriers are introducing multi-media services to satisfy customer demands for these services. In order to provide such services, carrier must increase their system capacity. It is well known that space division multiple access (SDMA) improves system capacity and is compatible with existing access systems. In order to evaluate the performance of SDMA, we developed an SDMA test bed. The test bed maintains the personal handy phone systems (PHS). The PHS adopts time division multiple access (TDMA). Aiming to compare the performance of SDMA and TDMA using the same analog hardware, the SDMA test bed employs a software-defined radio (SDR) technique. This paper shows the outline and performance of the test bed. The results of laboratory tests indicate that the bit error rate (BER) of the test bed operated in the SDMA mode at under 10-3 when the carrier-tointerference ratio (CIR) was larger than approximately -22 dB. Antenna patterns measured in an anechoic chamber show that the SDMA test bed produces correct antenna patterns when there are three desired signals and one interference signal. The results of the four field tests confirm that the test bed operated while two-multiplex SDMA mode doubled of the traffic and decreased the interference level as compared with the TDMA mode. Furthermore, the test bed operated while threemultiplex SDMA mode improves the traffic about 2.4 to 2.7 times. The SDMA test bed decreased the impact of the adjusted TDMA base station (BS). Therefore, we confirmed that the SDMA improves system capacity without any degradation.

This letter proposes a new hardware/software partitioning algorithm for processor cores with SIMD instructions. Given a compiled assembly code including SIMD instructions and a timing constraint, the proposed algorithm synthesizes an area-optimized processor core with a new assembly code. Firstly, we assume for each operation type a super SIMD functional unit which can execute all the SIMD instructions. Secondly we reduce a SIMD instruction or "sub-function" of each super functional unit, one by one, while the timing constraint is satisfied. At the same time, we update the assembly code so that it can run on the new processor configuration. By repeating this process, we finally find SIMD functional unit configuration as well as a processor core architecture. The promising experimental results are also shown.

This paper presents the results of a continuing research work on the practical characterization of operating systems (OS) behavior in the presence of software faults in OS components, such as faulty device drivers. The methodology used is based on the emulation of software faults in device drivers and observation of the behavior of the overall system regarding a comprehensive set of failure modes, analyzed according to different dimensions related to multiple user perspectives. The emulation of the software faults is done through the injection of specific mutations at machine-code level that reproduce the code generated by compilers when typical programming errors occur in the high level language code. Two important aspects of this methodology are the independence of source code availability and the use of simple and established practices to evaluate operating systems failure modes, thus allowing its use as a dependability benchmarking technique. The generalization of the methodology to any software system built of discrete and identifiable components is also discussed.