This letter considers multiuser time delay estimation in a sparse channel environment for radiolocation. The generalized successive interference cancellation (GSIC) algorithm is used to eliminate the multiple access interference (MAI). To adapt GSIC to sparse channels the alternating maximization (AM) algorithm is considered, and the continuous time delay of each path is estimated without requiring a priori known data sequences.

This letter investigates the effects of using multiple transmit antennas on code acquisition for preamble search in the CDMA uplink when MIMO is used for signal transmission and reception. The performance of a ML code acquisition technique in the presence of MIMO channel is analyzed by considering the detection and miss probabilities. The acquisition performance is numerically evaluated on a frequency selective fading channel. It is found that the performance of code acquisition scheme for a SIMO system is better than that for the case of MIMO on the low thresholds in terms of detection performance and MAT.

The quality of the Side-information frame (S frame) influences significantly the rate-distortion performance in the Distributed Video Coding (DVC). In this letter, we propose an efficient Side-Information Frame Generator (SIFG). It considers smoothness constraints of both the motion vector field and spatial adjacent pixels. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques provide potential rate-distortion performance advantages. Besides, the fine visual quality of the S frame is obtained.

LSI on-chip optical interconnections are discussed from the viewpoint of a comparison between optical and electrical interconnections. Based on a practical prediction of our optical device development, optical interconnects will have an advantage over electrical interconnects within a chip that has an interconnect length less than about 10 mm at the hp32-22 nm technology node. Fundamental optical devices and components used in interconnections have also been introduced that are small enough to be placed on top of a Si LSI and that can be fabricated using methods compatible with CMOS processes. A SiON waveguide showed a low propagation loss around 0.3 dB/cm at a wavelength of 850 nm, and excellent branching characteristics were achieved for MMI (multimode interference) branch structures. A Si nano-photodiode showed highly enhanced speed and efficiency with a surface plasmon antenna. By combining our Si nano-photonic devices with the advanced TIA-less optical clock distribution circuits, clock distribution above 10 GHz can be achieved with a small footprint on an LSI chip.

Since a receiver (RX) and a transmitter (TX) are operated simultaneously in a WCDMA transceiver, noise and intermodulation distortion performances of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) are degraded by a large leakage signal from the TX. The degradation of the distortion due to the large leakage signal from the TX has been reported in some previous works, but to our best knowledge, there are no reports about the degradation of noise figure (NF) in a LNA due to the large leakage signal from the TX. In this paper, a 900-MHz LNA for WCDMA terminal with high tolerance for a leakage signal from the TX is proposed. Suitable designs of an input matching circuit and a trap circuit are adopted to improve the tolerance for the leakage signal from the TX. The LNA using the proposed techniques is fabricated using SiGe-BiCMOS process. The measured degradation of NF due to the leakage signal from the TX is suppressed to only 0.12 dB.

A method for extracting a sound signal from a particular area that is surrounded by multiple ambient noise sources is proposed. This method performs several fixed beamformings on a pair of small microphone arrays separated from each other to estimate the signal and noise power spectra. Noise suppression is achieved by applying spectrum emphasis to the output of fixed beamforming in the frequency domain, which is derived from the estimated power spectra. In experiments performed in a room with reverberation, this method succeeded in suppressing the ambient noise, giving an SNR improvement of more than 10 dB, which is better than the performance of the conventional fixed and adaptive beamforming methods using a large-aperture microphone array. We also confirmed that this method keeps its performance even if the noise source location changes continuously or abruptly.

In this letter, we propose a new preamble structure for channel estimation in a MIMO OFDM-based WLAN system. Both backward compatibility with IEEE 802.11a and low overhead are considered in designing the preamble. Simulation results show that the proposed preamble has low overhead and good performance gain for channel estimation.

Synthesis of quantum circuits is essential for building quantum computers. It is important to verify that the circuits designed perform the correct functions. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which can be used to verify the quantum circuits synthesized by any method. The proposed algorithm is based on BDD (Binary Decision Diagram) and is called X-decomposition Quantum Decision Diagram (XQDD). In this method, quantum operations are modeled using a graphic method and the verification process is based on comparing these graphic diagrams. We also develop an algorithm to verify reversible circuits even if they have a different number of garbage qubits. In most cases, the number of nodes used in XQDD is less than that in other representations. In general, the proposed method is more efficient in terms of space and time and can be used to verify many quantum circuits in polynomial time.

This paper extends previous analytical approaches for the study of CDMA systems to the relevant case of multipath environments where users can operate at different bit rates. This scenario is of interest for the Wideband CDMA strategy employed in UMTS, and the model permits the performance comparison of classic and more innovative spreading signals. The method is based on the characteristic function approach, that allows to model accurately the various kinds of interferences. Some numerical examples are given with reference to the ITU-R M.1225 Recommendations, but the analysis could be extended to different channel descriptions.

This paper presents a new open-loop phase shifter and frequency synthesizer which can be implemented by small hardware. In the proposed method the differential square wave is converted to a differential ramp. Then the cross points of two ramps are detected as the middle points of high or low durations and are recovered to full digital levels, for 90shifting operation. 4-phases in 50 MHz frequency can be generated by 3.5 mW power consumption and 60 µm60 µm area. All circuits have been simulated in 0.35 µm CMOS technology.

We suggest a dual thresholds method for the dynamic bandwidth allocation in EPON. In the suggested method, a buffer in ONU has two thresholds and ONU generates a normal request and a greedy request based on the two thresholds. Also, OLT estimates the overall traffic load and grants the greedy request when estimated traffic is light. We study upstream channel resource wastage and show the suggested method decreases the upstream channel resource wastage. Using simulation, we validate the dual thresholds method is superior to the existing methods in the mean delay.

Integration of light sources on a Si chip is one of milestone to establish new paradigm of LSI systems, so-called "silicon photonics." In recent years remarkable progress has been made in the Si wire waveguide technologies for optical interconnection on a Si chip. In this paper, several Er embedded materials based on silicon are surveyed from the standpoint of application to the light emission and amplification devices for silicon photonics. We have concentrated to investigate an erbium silicate (Er2SiO5) as a light source medium for silicon photonics. To mention the particular features, this material has a layered structure with 0.86-nm period and a large amount of Er (25at%) as its constituent. The single crystalline nature gives several remarkable properties for the application to silicon photonics. We also discuss our recent studies of Er2SiO5 and a possibility of the shorter waveguide amplifier.

In this paper, an energy-collection-based non-coherent IR-UWB receiver allowing low complexity and low power consumption is proposed for short range data communication. The proposed receiver consists of an on-the-fly integrator, a 1-bit digital sampler, a pre-processor and a digital symbol synchronizer. The on-the-fly integrator for energy collection and the 1-bit digital sampler reduce complexity of IR-UWB system. Furthermore, with a simple digital filter in the pre-processing unit, SNR and robustness of the receiver against time-varying channel are enhanced. Also the receiver complexity is diminished by a simple scheme of symbol synchronization based on rough time information about incoming pulses, not requiring exact timing information. The performance of the proposed receiver is simulated based on IEEE 802.15.4a channel model and the algorithms are implemented and verified on a FPGA.

A design of a low-power CMOS ring oscillator for an application to a 13.56 MHz clock generator in an implantable RFID tag is proposed. The circuit is based on a novel voltage inverter, which is an improved version of the conventional current-source loaded inverter. The proposed circuit enables low-power operation and low sensitivity of the oscillation frequency, fOSC, to decay of the power supply VDD. By employing a gm-boosting subcircuit, power dissipation is decreased to 49 µW at fOSC=13.56 MHz. The sensitivity of fOSC to VDD is reduced to -0.02 at fOSC=13.56 MHz thanks to the use of composite high-impedance current sources.

This report describes an application of relaxation technique to the alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method. The ADI-FDTD method is quite stable even when the CFL condition is not satisfied. However, the ADI-FDTD method is computationally more complicate than the conventional FDTD method and this method requires to solving the tri-diagonal matrix equation. Thus, this method may require more computational cost than the standard FDTD method due to the large scale tri-diagonal matrix solution corresponding to a large number of meshes. In this report, relaxation-based solution technique is discussed for the matrix solution and a simple numerical example is shown. As a result, it is confirmed that ADI-FDTD method with the relaxation technique is useful for the acceleration of the electromagnetic field simulation.

This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the protocol capacity of 802.11e networks, under the assumption that each access category (AC) has the same packet length. We prove that the maximal protocol capacity can be achieved at an optimal operating point with the medium idle probability of , where Tc* is the duration of collision time in terms of slot unit. Our results indicate that the optimal operating point is independent of the number of stations and throughput ratio among ACs, which means the proposed analytical results still hold even when throughput ratio and station number are time-varying. Further, we show that the maximal protocol capacity can be achieved in saturated cases by properly choosing the protocol parameters. We present a parameter configuration algorithm to achieve both efficient channel utilization and proportional fairness in IEEE 802.11e EDCA networks. Extensive simulation and analytical results are presented to verify the proposed ideas.

Reducing the rate of false positives is of vital importance in enhancing the usefulness of signature-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs). To reduce the number of false positives, a network administrator must thoroughly investigate a lengthy list of signatures and carefully disable the ones that detect attacks that are not harmful to the administrator's environment. This is a daunting task; if some signatures are disabled by mistake, the NIDS fails to detect critical remote attacks. We designed a NIDS, TrueAlarm, to reduce the rate of false positives. Conventional NIDSs alert administrators that a malicious message has been detected, regardless of whether the message actually attempts to compromise the protected server. In contrast, TrueAlarm delays the alert until it has confirmed that an attempt has been made. The TrueAlarm NIDS cooperates with a server-side monitor that observes the protected server's behavior. TrueAlarm only alerts administrators when a server-side monitor has detected deviant server behavior that must have been caused by a message detected by a NIDS. Our experimental results revealed that TrueAlarm reduces the rate of false positives. Using actual network traffic collected over 14 days, TrueAlarm produced 46 false positives, while Snort, a conventional NIDS, produced 818.

Canetti et al. [5] showed that there exist signature and encryption schemes that are secure in the random oracle (RO) model, but for which any implementation of the RO (by a single function or a function ensemble) results in insecure schemes. Their result greatly motivates the design of cryptographic schemes that are secure in the standard computational model. This paper gives some new results on the RO methodology. First, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a signature scheme that is secure in the RO model but where, for any implementation of the RO, the resulting scheme is insecure. Next, we show that this condition induces a signature scheme that is insecure in the RO model, but that there is an implementation of the RO that makes the scheme secure.

This paper presents a new interactive learning method for spoken word acquisition through human-machine audio-visual interfaces. During the course of learning, the machine makes a decision about whether an orally input word is a word in the lexicon the machine has learned, using both speech and visual cues. Learning is carried out on-line, incrementally, based on a combination of active and unsupervised learning principles. If the machine judges with a high degree of confidence that its decision is correct, it learns the statistical models of the word and a corresponding image category as its meaning in an unsupervised way. Otherwise, it asks the user a question in an active way. The function used to estimate the degree of confidence is also learned adaptively on-line. Experimental results show that the combination of active and unsupervised learning principles enables the machine and the user to adapt to each other, which makes the learning process more efficient.

We propose and demonstrate a simple one-bus two-ring configuration where the two rings are mutually coupled that has advantages over the one-ring structure. Unlike a one cavity system, it can exhibit near critically-coupled transmission with a broader range of loss. It can also significantly enhance the cavity finesse by simply making the second ring twice the size of the bus-coupled one, with the enhancement proportional to the intensity buildup in the second ring.