We propose a new cell configuration which newly employs discharge deactivation film (DDF). DDF is formed on MgO surface in stripe figure to cover it around the boundary of neighboring display lines. DDF prevents discharge cross talk between the lines even in case of stripe rib structure by virtue of its low secondary electron emission coefficient (γi). DDF also makes better address discharge response because it presumably moves address discharge closer to the surface dischage gap. On behalf of mass productivity for large size PDPs DDF is formed by simple screen-printing and firing method. And it consists of very fine Al2O3 grains without any inorganic binder. Such DDF is visually transparent and then helpful for high luminance and luminous efficiency. In addition to it, such DDF is presumably equipped with gas purifying character and then helpful for deep blue color and good white color balance accordingly. Further, DDF combined with sustain electrodes in specific figure which we call "CAPABLE DDF" brings about so high luminous efficiency for stripe rib structure as it may surpass box rib one. This probably means that vertically open discharge space in stripe rib structure is advantageous for high luminous efficiency. In our latest work for 46 inch-high definition PDPs, 2.1 lm/W and 1200 cd/m2 were both achieved under practical driving condition. Still it will be as high as 2.4 lm/W if each sustain electrode is shared by neighboring display lines. CAPABLE DDF allows more tolerance in DDF printing process. It also makes optical cross talk negligible even in stripe rib structure. And its durability against long time operation proved to have no specific problem. This presumably means that re-landing of sputtered MgO never reaches DDF surface. We believe this new technology can promise the future of stripe rib.

A bandpass filter (BPF) with shielded inverted microstrip lines (SIMSL), previously demonstrated by the author, has shown the nontrivial asymmetry of filter responses in spite of adopting a conventional filter synthesis procedure. This paper will reveal the mechanism of the asymmetry and propose prescriptions for recovering the defect, in addition to observing the wave propagation property of SIMSL. Firstly, the behavior of phase constants or effective dielectric constants for various modes propagating on single SIMSL are indicated in terms of the line configuration, and the dispersion characteristics of the quasi-TEM mode are interpreted from the point of mode coupling between the pure TEM mode and dielectric slab modes. Then it is shown that the asymmetry is dependent only on the transmission characteristics of SIMSL parallel-coupled lines involved in the filter circuits. Theoretical considerations reveal that the asymmetry is due to the fact that SIMSL has quite different phase constants for the even- and odd-mode. On the basis of these results, the optimized BPF is designed and it is experimentally demonstrated that the symmetry of its responses is notably recovered. Furthermore, this optimization is still quite efficient for achieving high attenuation properties at its harmonics.

We present a novel mesh representation scheme exploiting the characteristics of triangle strips, called progressives strips, which gives rendering-efficient triangulation data at the rendering stage in a graphics system such as progressive transmission where the mesh topology changes continuously. Progressive strips consist of a set of triangle strips simplified to the base mesh and a set of refinement steps required to recover incrementally the original mesh at full resolution. We also propose an improved triangle strip filtering algorithm and the encoding of strip-edge collapses in order to reduce efficiently the redundant triangles and the amount of refinement information, both of which may increase as the mesh degrades. Our approach increases the overall graphics performance by reducing the amount of data sent to the graphics pipeline.

This paper presents a new method to improve the resonant characteristics of a microstrip resonator. The improved characteristics have been achieved by inserting two dielectric rods between strip conductor and the ground plane. Dielectric rods to be inserted have higher relative permittivity than that of the substrate. Therefore, it is suitable to realize by Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) technique. Several model of microstrip resonators employing the proposed method are analyzed by a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, and their resonant characteristics are discussed. One of the advantages of the proposed method is that an attenuation pole (fl or fh) in each side of the fundamental resonant frequency (fr) and improved-spurious responses can be realized together by a capacitive-coupling tapped resonator loaded with dielectric rods. The proposed method is also effective to achieve sharp skirt characteristics and wide stopband of a direct-coupling tapped resonator which can be used either as a wideband lowpass filter or a band-elimination filter. Another interesting feature of the analyzed resonators is that about 60% reduction in resonator's length has been obtained compared to a basic half-wavelength (λ/2) microstrip resonator. Therefore, wide exploitation of the proposed method can be expected in the filter design based on the LTCC technique.

In this paper, we propose a new fragile watermarking scheme that can be used to verify three-dimensional (3-D) polygonal models by detecting unauthorized alterations. In order to generate a binary watermark sequence, we combine a binary random sequence generated by the user key with a binary logo sequence using the bit-wise exclusive OR operation. The binary watermark sequence is embedded into 3-D triangle strips by perturbing their vertex coordinates. The proposed watermarking scheme can identify specific locations that have been changed. Changes of the vertex coordinates in the watermarked 3-D model are reflected in the extracted watermark image, which indicates the attacked area. Experimental results demonstrate that we can detect various modifications of the watermarked 3-D model: translation, rotation, scaling, randomization of points, polygon simplification, geometry compression, and local deformation.

We report a flexible and lightweight wearable microstrip antenna that can be sewn into clothing and hats. This antenna is composed of felt and a conductive woven fabric. Experimental results clearly show that this antenna operates normally as a conventional microstrip antenna, and is practical and feasible for personal satellite communications.

We developed a new millimeter-wave plastic chip size package (CSP) to operate up to 100 GHz by using a thin-film substrate. It has a flip-chip distributed amplifier with inverted microstrip lines and the amplifier has a bandwidth of beyond 110 GHz. The transmission line on the substrate consists of grounded coplanar waveguides that yield low insertion loss and high isolation characteristics in coupled lines even in mold resin in comparison with conventional microstrip lines. The CSP amplifier achieved a gain of 7.8 dB, a 3-dB bandwidth of 97 GHz, and operated up to 100 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this value is the highest operating frequency reported to date for a distributed amplifier sealed in a plastic CSP. We also investigated the transmission characteristics of lead-free solder bumps through experiments by assemblying CSPs on printed circuit boards and modeling them so that we could design the packages accurately.

A hybrid method-of-moments (MoM) and immittance approach for efficient and accurate analysis of printed slots and strips of arbitrary shape in layered waveguide for various applications has been proposed. An impedance-type MoM is formulated from the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for printed strip case and an admittance-type MoM is formulated from the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for the printed slot case, using the Galerkin's technique. Immittance approach has been used to calculate spectral dyadic Green's functions for the layered waveguide. For efficient analysis of large and complex structures, equivalent circuit parameters of a block are first extracted and complete structure is analyzed through cascaded ABCD matrices. The equivalent circuit characterization of printed strip and slot in layered waveguide has been done for the first time. Finite periodic structure loaded with printed strips has been investigated and it shows the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) behavior. The electromagnetic (EM) program hence developed is checked for its numerical accuracy and efficiency with results generated with High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and shows good performance.

Finite-ground microstrip line (FGMSL) open-end discontinuities are characterized via a self-calibrated method of moments (MoM) as a unified circuit model with a fringing capacitance and radiation conductance. By integrating the short-open calibration (SOC) procedure into a determinant MoM, the model parameters are extracted without needing the alternative port impedance. Regardless of non-ideal voltage sources, extracted parameters are observed to achieve a stable convergence as the feeding line is sufficiently extended. After extracted capacitance of a FGMSL open-end with equal strip and finite-ground widths are validated against its traditional MSL counterpart with infinite ground, extensive results are given to originally demonstrate that the capacitance increases as a decelerated function of the finite-ground width and length while the conductance is negligibly small as compared with its imaginary part.

A compact wide-band antennas design for the 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz dual ISM-band application is introduced by combing a single-feed and single-layer microstrip antenna in the form of a T-type strip with an edge perturbation. Good impedance bandwidth performance for the dual-band is observed. The advantage of the design suggested in this paper is its simplicity of manufacturing and low cost.

We have shown that a photonic sensor can be used as an electric-field probe for planar near-field measurements of X-band antennas. Because an antenna on the photonic sensor is small (about 0.1 λ) compared to the wavelength, the photonic sensor can directly measure the amplitude and the phase of the electric field close (about 0.3 λ) to the apertures of antennas without disturbing the electric field to be measured. Therefore we can obtain the antenna pattern by transforming the measured electric field without probe compensation. To verify the merits of the photonic sensor, we have evaluated the antenna patterns of a standard gain horn antenna and a microstrip array antenna at 9.41 GHz. Comparing the results obtained using the photonic sensor with those obtained using the conventional open-ended waveguide probe and other methods, we have shown that the antenna patterns agree with each other within 1 dB over wide ranges of directivity.

We have developed an algorithm called the "spectral-domain-to-real-space approach" (SDRSA) to analytically calculate radiation from the two-dimensional current density distribution in microstrip line configurations where the microstrip lines are represented in the form of a three-dimensional inhomogeneous structure. The algorithm is based on the spectral-domain approach used to estimate radiation from microstrip line configurations. Calculation results obtained by using the SDRSA and the current density distribution from a quasi-TEM mode model of microstrip lines agree well with the corresponding estimations obtained by using the equivalent electric current source method and the magnetic current source method, and with the experimental results obtained in the frequency band of up to 1 GHz.

In this paper, we propose a new region extraction method with a chromakey technique using a two-tone striped background. A chromakey compositing is a technique for separating actors or actresses from a background, and then compositing a different background. The conventional chromakey technique usually uses an unicolored blue or green background, and has a problem that one's clothes are regarded as the background if their colors are same with the background's color. Therefore, we use two-tone striped background and utilize the adjacency condition between two-tone striped areas on the background to extract the foreground regions whose colors are same with the background. The procedure of our proposed method consists of four steps: 1) background color extraction, 2) striped region extraction, 3) foreground extraction, and 4) image composition. As to the background color extraction, the color space approach is used. As to the striped region extraction, it is difficult to extract striped region by a color space approach because the color of this region may be a composite of two background colors and different from them. Therefore, the striped region is extracted from adjacency conditions between two background colors. As to the foreground extraction, the boundary between the foreground and the background is detected to recheck the foreground region whose color is same as the background, and the background region whose color is same as the foreground. To detect the region whose color is same as the background, the adjacency conditions with the striped region are utilized. As to the image composition, the process that smoothes the color of the foreground's boundary against the new background is carried out to create natural images. The validity of proposed method is shown through experiments with the foreground objects whose color is same as the background color.

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and measurement of a multiple U-shaped slot antenna for Hiper-LAN. The prototype consists of a U-shaped slot and two inverted U-shaped slot. To obtain sufficient bandwidth, a foam layer is inserted between the ground plane and substrate. A measured bandwidth of approximately 7.6% (VSWR 1.5) and gain of 2.9-5.3 dBi are obtained. The experimental far-field patterns are shown to be stable across the pass band, with the 3 dB beam width in azimuth and elevation at 50and 62, respectively.

A GaAs HEMT with flip-chip interconnections using a suitable transmission line has been developed. The underfill resin, which was not used for the conventional flip-chip interconnection structure, was adopted between GaAs chip and assembly substrate to obtain high reliability. The underfill resin is effective in relaxing the thermal stress between the chip and the substrate and in encapsulating the chip. There are various possible ground current paths for the GaAs chip in the structure with flip-chip interconnections. An actual ground current path is determined depending on the transmission line type for the chip. For an active device, it is important to utilize an assembly structure capable of realizing excellent high-frequency characteristics. In addition, each transmission line for the chip has its own transmission characterizations such as characteristic impedance. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable transmission line for the chip. We evaluated the high-frequency characteristics of the HEMT test element groups (TEGs) with flip-chip interconnection for three types of transmission lines: with a microstrip line (MSL), with a coplanar waveguide (CPW), and with an inverted microstrip line (IMSL). All three types of TEGs had similar values of a maximum available power gain (MAG) at 30 GHz. However, it was found that the IMSL-type TEG, which had superior characteristics in high-frequency ranges of more than 30 GHz, is the most suitable type. The IMSL-type TEG had an MAG of 10.02 dB and a Rollett stability factor K of 1.20 at 30 GHz.

This study investigate the rectangular microstrip patch antenna on anisotropy substrates with superstrate and air gap, based on rigorous full-wave analysis and Galerkin's moment method. Results show that radiation patterns with varying air gap, permittivity of the superstrate and substrate, and thickness of the superstrate can be determined and analyzed.

This paper describes a dielectric phase shifter (DPS) using contact-less connector. As the main feature of this structure, an array of difference length strip conductor etched on a dielectric substrate placed on the microstrip patch resonators gives tightly coupling between input and output port. A sliding dielectric substrate provides phase shift for between input and output port. In this paper, the characteristics of DPS are calculated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and are verified by experiments.

Employing a triangular dielectric phase shifter simplifies the beam forming network of an offset beam array antenna because this structure achieves phase control in a single configuration. This paper proposes a design method for a low loss offset beam planar antenna that incorporates a triangular dielectric plate phase shifter on parallel microstrip feedlines. Our design method reduces the loss of the phase shifter by optimizing the microstrip line width. By using the proposed design equation, the optimum low loss phase shifter configuration can be easily established. In addition, this paper presents the actual design of a triangular plate considering size reduction. The results of experiments of the offset beam antenna indicate that our design method is effective in obtaining a simple, low loss, and compact configuration.

A new type of compact one dimension (1-D) microstrip photonic bandgap (PBG) structure for filter is presented. A miniature semiconductor-based structure band-stop filter with four cells is simulated, fabricated, and measured. Agreement between the experimental and simulation results has been achieved. The filter with four proposed PBG structure exhibits deep (about -60 dB) and steep (about 40 dB/GHz) stop-band characteristics. It also has less loss and ripples in the pass-band. The period of the PBG lattice is about 0.2 λe (λe, guiding wavelength at the center frequency of stop-band), or 0.068 λ0 (λ0 wavelength in air), and the filter is very compact and much easier for fabrication and realization in MIC and MMIC.

A microstrip array antenna with 45-degree inclined linear polarization is proposed for automotive radars. The proposed antenna has the advantages of high aperture efficiency, low profile and ease of manufacture. The rectangular radiating elements inclined at 45 degrees to the straight microstrip line are directly connected to it at their corners in the proposed array antenna. The radiating element has a feature that radiation conductance for co-polarization is controlled widely enough to set desired amplitude distribution keeping excited mode for cross-polarization negligibly small. The feed line loss of the linear array antenna having 15 wavelengths is estimated 0.9 dB in the design taking the loss of the microstrip line into account. The performance of two types of developed antennas, for electrical and mechanical scanning radars, is presented. The fan beam subarray antenna for electrical scanning radars has an aperture efficiency of 53% with gain of 22.5 dBi at 76.5 GHz. For mechanical scanning radars, the two-stage series feeding circuit is also proposed for lower feed line loss and setting desired amplitude distribution. The pencil beam array antenna has an aperture efficiency of 39% with gain of 32.2 dBi at 76.5 GHz.