This paper provides methods for construction of pairing-based cryptosystems based on non-supersingular elliptic curves.

Classical models of speech recognition assume that a detailed, short-term analysis of the acoustic signal is essential for accurately decoding the speech signal and that this decoding process is rooted in the phonetic segment. This paper presents an alternative view, one in which the time scales required to accurately describe and model spoken language are both shorter and longer than the phonetic segment, and are inherently wedded to the syllable. The syllable reflects a singular property of the acoustic signal -- the modulation spectrum -- which provides a principled, quantitative framework to describe the process by which the listener proceeds from sound to meaning. The ability to understand spoken language (i.e., intelligibility) vitally depends on the integrity of the modulation spectrum within the core range of the syllable (3-10 Hz) and reflects the variation in syllable emphasis associated with the concept of prosodic prominence ("accent"). A model of spoken language is described in which the prosodic properties of the speech signal are embedded in the temporal dynamics associated with the syllable, a unit serving as the organizational interface among the various tiers of linguistic representation.

We propose Max-Plus Linear (MPL) systems with selective parameters that can describe a certain class of Timed Petri nets (TPN). In this class, selector and joint places are incorporated with Single-Input and Single-Output Timed Event Graph (SISO TEG) subnets. We confirm that the proposed controller effectively works taking into account practical constraints through a numerical example.

This paper proposes the constraint availability and bandwidth shortest path (CABSP) selection algorithm and the extension of the adaptive modulation scheme to the CABSP (CABSP-AM) selection algorithm in the millimeter-wave (MMW) broadband entrance network for wireless heterogeneous systems. The CABSP algorithm considers the availability denoted as the quality of the MMW which is severely affected by the rainfall. The CABSP-AM algorithm, moreover, is proposed to further make more efficient use of bandwidth resources by considering the QoS requirements of each class of service in multimedia communication. As the results, the CABSP algorithm yields higher throughput performance than the conventional constraint shortest path (CSP) selection algorithm, but lower than the CABSP-AM algorithm. The spectrum efficiency improvements of the CABSP-AM over the CABSP are about 1.36 and 1.48 fold in case of error sensitive and non-sensitive classes respectively.

Nagauta (長唄) is one of the classical styles of Japanese singing. It has very original and unique prosodic patterns, where abrupt and sharp changes of F0 are often observed at mora (Japanese speech unit) transitions. This F0 change is sometimes found even within a single mora. In this paper, we propose a model to synthesize this unique F0 pattern by considering the abrupt and sharp changes as grace notes. Nagauta's original scores contain no strict descriptions of tones and durations. Therefore, the baseline melody realized in a performance depends on the singer and it is difficult to predict the baseline melody by looking only at the scores. In this paper, the baseline melody is explicitly given to a singer in the form of the standard notation and the singer is asked to sing the song in Nagauta style. By taking the standard score as input, the proposed model simulates the F0 pattern generated by the singer under this condition. Further, this paper shows an interesting phenomenon about power movements at the sharp F0 changes. Acoustic analysis of Nagauta singing samples reveals that the sharp increases of F0 and the sharp decreases of power are synchronized. Although no discussion on physiological mechanisms of this phenomenon is done in this paper, another model is proposed to generate the unique power patterns. Evaluation experiments are done with young Japanese listeners and their results indicate high validity of the two proposed models.

A novel method for measuring microwave reflection coefficients without the open and load standards is proposed. In this method, a single probe is inserted into an air line and the output wave is detected by a vector detector. Offset shorts are used for the calibration. The measurement system is constructed using 7 mm coaxial line and APC7 connectors. The result of the measurement in the frequency range 1-9 GHz shows the possibility of the proposed method. All the major systematic errors can be estimated from the data that is easily obtainable.

A 2-dimensional cylindrical k-within-consecutive-(r, s)-out-of-(m, n):F system consists of m n components arranged on a cylindrical grid. Each of m circles has n components, and this system fails if and only if there exists a grid of size r s within which at least k components are failed. This system may be used into reliability models of "Feelers for measuring temperature on reaction chamber," "TFT Liquid Crystal Display system with 360 degree wide area" and others. In this paper, first, we propose an efficient algorithm for the reliability of a 2-dimensional cylindrical k-within-consecutive-(r, s)-out-of-(m, n):F system. The feature of this algorithm is calculating their system reliabilities with shorter computing time and smaller memory size than Akiba and Yamamoto. Next, we show some numerical examples so that our proposed algorithm is more effective than Akiba and Yamamoto for systems with large n.

In this paper, we present a predictive control method, based on Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN), for the control of chaotic systems without precise mathematical models. In our design method, the parameters of both predictor and controller are tuned by a simple gradient descent scheme, and the weight parameters of the FNN are determined adaptively throughout system operations. In order to design the predictive controller effectively, we describe the computing procedure for each of the two important parameters. In addition, we introduce a projection matrix for determining the control input, which decreases the control performance function very rapidly. Finally, we depict various computer simulations on two representative chaotic systems (the Duffing and Hénon systems) so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new chaos control method.

In this letter, we propose a packet scheduling algorithm to support both real-time voice and video traffic for wireless multimedia data service in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. Our design objective is to maximize the number of real-time service users that can be supported in the system subject to QoS requirement of packet loss rate (PLR). Both time slots and subcarriers are taken into account as the basic resource allocation unit in OFDMA/FDD system. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can dramatically increase the number of users satisfying the underlying QoS requirement for the real-time service, as compared to the existing algorithm.

In this paper, we propose a synthesis method of hybrid systems with specified limit cycles. Several methods which sysnthesize a nonlinear system with prescribed limit cycles have been proposed. In these methods, the limit cycle is given by an algebraic equation, which will be called constraint equations, and its stability is guaranteed by a Lyapunov function derived from the constraint equation. In general, limit cycles of hybrid systems are nonsmooth due to the discontinuous vector fields. So the limit cycles are given by piecewise smooth constraint equations, we employ the piecewise smooth Lyapunov functions to construct desired nonsmooth limit cycles and guarantee their stability.

The PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has been widely used in the industrial world as a controller for manufacturing systems, as a process controller and so on. The conventional PLC has been designed and verified as a pure Discrete Event System (DES) by using an abstract model of a controlled plant. In verifying the PLC, however, it is also important to take into account the physical behavior (e.g. dynamics, shape of objects) of the controlled plant in order to guarantee such important factors as safety. This paper presents a new verification technique for the PLC-based control system, which takes into account these physical behaviors, based on a Hybrid Dynamical System (HDS) framework. The other key idea described in the paper is the introduction of the concept of signed distance which not only measures the distance between two objects but also checks whether two objects interfere with each other. The developed idea is applied to illustrative material handling problems, and its usefulness is demonstrated.

A VLSI-specific wavelet processing technique has been developed and implemented as a processor in accordance with the JPEG2000 specification. This proposed procedure of discrete wavelet transforms uses an altered calculation equations and makes use of intermediate results through wavelet calculation. The implementation of the proposed procedure is capable of realizing a highly efficient DWT for large size images in spite of using low hardware costs and a small size buffering memory. In order to obtain fast EBCOT processing, three types of parallel processing are introduced in the EBCOT architecture. The processor performs compression of 720480 pixels images with the speed of 30 frames per second (fps) at a required operating frequency as low as 32 MHz or lower. Furthermore, it need not divide an image into tiles so that the problem of deterioration of image quality due to tile division does not occur. A prototype of this processor has been fabricated in a 0.25-µm 5-layer CMOS process. The chip is 10.210.4 mm2 in size and consumes 2.0 W when supplied with 2.5 V and 32 MHz.

Software agents are knowledgeable, autonomous, situated and interactive software entities. Agents' interactions are of special importance when a group of agents interact with each other to solve a problem that is beyond the capability and knowledge of each individual. Efficiency, performance and overall quality of the multi-agent applications depend mainly on how the agents interact with each other effectively. In this paper, we suggest an agent model by which we can clearly distinguish different agent's interaction scenarios. The model has five attributes: goal, control, interface, identity and knowledge base. Using the model, we analyze and describe possible scenarios; devise the appropriate reasoning and decision making techniques for each scenario; and build a library of reasoning and decision making modules that can be used readily in the design and implementation of multiagent systems.

In this paper, we study supervisory control of a class of discrete event systems with simultaneous event occurrences, which we call concurrent discrete event systems. The behavior of the system is described by a language over the simultaneous event set. We introduce a notion of concurrent well-posedness of languages. We then prove that Lm(G)-closure, controllability, and concurrent well-posedness of a specification language are necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a nonblocking supervisor. We address the computational complexity for verifying the existence conditions.

This paper presents time slot assignment algorithms applicable to uplink of space division multiple access (SDMA)/time division multiple access (TDMA) systems with adaptive antennas. In the time slot assignment process for a new terminal in a cell, we consider not only the signal quality of the new terminal but also that of active terminals in the same cell. Intra-cell hand over is performed for an active terminal when its signal quality deteriorates. We evaluate the blocking and forced termination probabilities for pure TDMA systems, sectorized systems, and SDMA/TDMA systems in cellular environments by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the SDMA/TDMA systems have much better performance than the pure TDMA and sectorized systems.

This paper formulates functions generating four kinds of binary sequence sets of length 2n with zero correlation zone, which have been discussed for approximately synchronized CDMA systems without co-channel interference nor influence of multipath. They are logic functions of a binary vector of order n, expressed by EXOR and AND operations.

A power-aware interconnect circuit design--called µI/O architecture--has been developed to provide low-cost system solutions for System-on-Chip (SoC) and System-in-Package (SiP) technologies. The µI/O architecture provides a common interface throughout the module enabling hierarchical I/O design for SoC and SiP. The hierarchical I/O design allows the driver size to be optimized without increasing design complexity. Moreover, it includes a signal-level converter for integrating wide-voltage-range circuit blocks and a signal wall function for turning off each block independently--without invalid signal transmission--by using an internal power switch.

This paper describes the design concept and implementation of a software platform for realization of symbiotic robots that interact intelligently with human in symbiosis manner. Such robots require proper combination of various technologies on a common platform that allows them to work co-operatively. "SPAK" has been developed to serve this purpose. It is a Java-based software platform to support knowledge processing and co-ordination of tasks among several software modules and agents representing the robotic hardware connected on a network. SPAK features frame-based knowledge system, a GUI knowledge building tool, forward and backward chaining engines, networking support, and class libraries for building software agent components. Beside the robotic applications, SPAK can be used as a general-purpose frame system as well. An experimental application of SPAK in human-robot interaction is also given.

The modeling of an application domain and its specific knowledge description language are important for developing knowledge-based systems. A rapid-prototyping approach is suitable for such developments since in this approach the modeling and language development are processed simultaneously. However, programming languages and their supporting environments which are usually used for prototyping are not necessarily adequate for developing practical applications. We have been developing an integrated development environment for knowledge-based systems, which supports all the development phases from the early prototyping phase to final commercial development phase. The environment called INSIDE is based on a Prolog abstract machine, and provides all of the functions required for the development of practical applications in addition to the standard Prolog features. This enables the development of both prototypes and practical applications in the same environment. Moreover, their efficient development and maintenance can be achieved. In addition, the effectiveness of INSIDE is described by examples of its practical application.

This paper proposes a new scheme that can evaluate the cell throughput performance of wireless local area network (LAN) systems, which use carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and multiple transmission bit-rates (multi-rate). We extend the interference model of the conventional scheme in order to deal with interference more accurately in multi-cell environments. Unlike the conventional scheme, the proposed scheme is able to handle multi-rate systems. We use the proposed scheme to evaluate the IEEE 802.11a system and systems whose signal-bandwidth is expanded from that of the IEEE 802.11a system. We find that a system with 35(75) MHz signal-bandwidth achieves about 1.3(1.25) times higher cell throughput than the IEEE 802.11a system. Furthermore, the system with 35(75) MHz signal-bandwidth is also shown to have the potential to achieve up to 1.5(1.8) times higher cell throughput performance than the IEEE 802.11a system if the transmission efficiency on the media access control (MAC) layer is assumed to be ideal. It is concluded that the proposed scheme confirms that the approach to expand the signal bandwidth of the IEEE 802.11a system is effective to improve the cell throughput performance. This result is virtually impossible to derive with the conventional scheme.