A broadband balanced frequency doubler has been demonstrated in 0.25-µm SOI SiGe BiCMOS technology to operate from 22 GHz to 30 GHz. The measured fundamental frequency suppression of greater than 30 dBc is achieved by an internal low pass LC filter. In addition, a pair of matching circuits in parallel with the LO inputs results in high suppression with low input drive power. Maximum measured conversion gain of -6 dB is obtained at the input drive power as low as -1 dBm. The results presented indicate that the proposed frequency doubler can operate in broadband and achieve high fundamental frequency suppression with low input drive power.

A 2 GHz gain equalizer for analog signal transmission using a novel gain compensation method is described in this paper. This method is based on feedforward compensation by a low-pass filter, which improves the gain-equalizing performance by subtracting low-pass filtered signals from the directly passed signal at the end of a transmission line. The advantage of the proposed method over the conventional one is that the gain is equalized with a smaller THD at higher frequencies by using a low-pass instead of a high-pass filter. In this circuit, the peak gain is adjustable from 0 to 2.4 dB and the frequency of the peak gain can be controlled up to 2 GHz by varying the value of an external capacitor. Also this circuit achieves THD with 5 dB better than the conventional circuits.

To further suppress the multiple-access interference (MAI) in frequency-hopping multiple-access (FHMA) system, a novel kind of FH sequence set named as no-hit-zone (NHZ) sequence, is proposed for an FHMA system with M-ary FSK modulation (MFSK/FHMA) in this paper. Expressions for the decision variables are derived for the asynchronous MFSK/FHMA system with NHZ sequence set (MFSK/FHMA-NHZ) under a slow Rayleigh-fading channel model. For the special case of M=2, accurate analytic bit error rate (BER) is derived as a function of maximum relative delay D and the number of users K by a characteristic function method. The theoretical results validated by Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the dependence of the average BER on D and K. Comparison with the MFSK/FHMA system with Markov hit pattern (MFSK/FHMA-Markov) shows that MFSK/FHMA-NHZ system performs better than Markov hit pattern system as long as D is restricted in a certain range and further, the gain in the performance increases with increase in the value of K.

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a three-dimension C60 polymer using photo-polymerization method. The used pristine materials were C60 precipitates prepared by a liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method. The prepared LLIP material was set in the vacuum and was compressed in the anvil with the pressure of 600 MPa or 7 GPa. The 4th harmonics FEL with the wavelength of 500 nm was irradiated with macro-pulses (the pulse width of 20 µs) containing very short micro-pulses (the pulse width of 200 fs). The Raman Ag(2) peak of C60 molecules in the vicinity of 1469 cm-1 becomes broad and shifts to the lower energy region as proceeding of polymerization. Under high pressure and/or FEL irradiation the LLIP crystal revealed the large red-shift and the increment of the half width of the Raman Ag(2) peak. Furthermore the LLIP crystal mixture with iodine revealed the more distinctive red-shift, ca.13cm-1 because of highly packing of C60 molecules. The C60 molecular accession by LLIP process and/or the photo-assisted hole-doping from iodine were promising conditions to promote the photo-polymerization effectively.

In situ observation of the adsorption process and the states of cytochrome c on glass/solution interfaces, and the functionality of the reduction reaction of adsorbed cytochorome c were performed by using slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy. The peak position of the absorption band of cytochorome c adsorbed on a bare glass surface was almost the same as that of that in solution. The cytochorome c adsorbed on glass/solution interface was reduced by sodium dithionite solution. The adsorbed cytochorome c was still maintained its functionality after immobilization.

We fabricated and evaluated a prototype imaging system using the Simultaneous Frequency-Encoding technique, which is an active imaging technique that is potentially capable of fast frame-frequency imaging using a frequency-scanning antenna with only a single transceiver. The prototype performed simultaneous acquisition of pixels in elevation using Simultaneous Frequency-Encoding and performed a mechanical scan in azimuth. We also studied a ranging technique and incorporated it into the prototype. The ranging technique for Simultaneous Frequency-Encoding must take into account the characteristics of the frequency-scanning antenna, which are fundamental to Simultaneous Frequency-Encoding. We verified that ordinary range processing can be performed before frequency analysis with Simultaneous Frequency-Encoding, giving both range and angular profiles. The prototype was evaluated based on the radiation patterns of a receiver antenna comprising the frequency-scanning antenna and a reflector, on which both the image quality and ranging performance depend. Finally we conducted actual imaging tests and confirmed the capability of through-obstacle imaging. The frame frequency was only 0.1 Hz, which was due to the use of a slow mechanical scan in azimuth. However, assuming electronic beam forming is used instead of the mechanical scan, the frame frequency can be improved to several Hertz.

Some new generalized cyclotomic sequences defined by C. Ding and T. Helleseth are proven to exhibit a number of good randomness properties. In this paper, we determine the defining pairs of these sequences of length pm (p prime, m ≥ 2) with order two, then from which we obtain their trace representation. Thus their linear complexity can be derived using Key's method.

In order to improve multicast performance in wireless networks, we propose two methods for reducing the number of retransmissions and decreasing the backoff duration. Reducing the number of retransmissions is achieved by introducing a target packet delivery ratio. Acknowledgement from a member node initializes the backoff window, which decreases the backoff duration.

Over the recent years, a great deal of effort has been made to estimate age from face images. It has been reported that age can be accurately estimated under controlled environment such as frontal faces, no expression, and static lighting conditions. However, it is not straightforward to achieve the same accuracy level in a real-world environment due to considerable variations in camera settings, facial poses, and illumination conditions. In this paper, we apply a recently proposed machine learning technique called covariate shift adaptation to alleviating lighting condition change between laboratory and practical environment. Through real-world age estimation experiments, we demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed method.

To meet the increasing demand to expand wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission capacity, ultrahigh spectral density coherent optical transmission employing multi-level modulation formats has attracted a lot of attention. In particular, ultrahigh multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) has an enormous advantage as regards expanding the spectral efficiency to 10 bit/s/Hz and even approaching the Shannon limit. We describe fundamental technologies for ultrahigh spectral density coherent QAM transmission and present experimental results on polarization-multiplexed 256 QAM coherent optical transmission using heterodyne and homodyne detection with a frequency-stabilized laser and an optical phase-locked loop technique. In this experiment, Raman amplifiers are newly adopted to decrease the signal power, which can reduce the fiber nonlinearity. As a result, the power penalty was reduced from 5.3 to 2.0 dB. A 64 Gbit/s data signal is successfully transmitted over 160 km with an optical bandwidth of 5.4 GHz.

A differential cross-correlation cell ID identification algorithm is proposed for IEEE 802.16e OFDMA cellular system. The cell ID represents the number of the preamble selected by the base station in downlink mode. First, we construct the downlink (DL) preamble structure and signal model with carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel effects. Next, in order to achieve the initial synchronization, a differential receiver with cross correlation for all preamble patterns is proposed to search for cell ID. Simulation results confirm that the proposed structure is suitable for ITU fading channels and outperforms the conventional cell search system.

In this paper, we investigate the resource and power allocation schemes of partial block multi-carrier code division multiple access (PB/MC-CDMA) systems. In our proposed scheme, we manage transmit power depending on each user's channel state information (CSI). The objective is to maximize the average bit error ratio (BER) performance with minimal influence from the received signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), both of which are closely related to transmit power. To obtain additional performance improvement, our frequency band rearrangement scheme follows the transmit power control (TPC) process. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using simulations. The results show that the proposed system provides superior performance compared to those of conventional systems.

DCT encoding of images leads to block artifact and mosquito noise degradations in the decoded pictures. We propose an estimation to determine the mosquito noise block and level; however, this technique lacks sufficient linearity. To improve its performance, we use the sub-divided block for edge effect suppression. The subsequent results are mostly linear with the quantization.

This letter presents a method to enable the precoder design for intrablock MMSE equalization with previously proposed oblique projection framework. The joint design of the linear transceiver with optimum block delay detection is built. Simulation results validate the proposed approach and show the superior BER performance of the optimized transceiver.

This paper describes ultra-high capacity wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission technologies for 100-Tbit/s-class optical transport networks (OTNs). First, we review recent advances in ultra-high capacity transmission technologies focusing on spectrally-efficient multi-level modulation techniques and ultra-wideband optical amplification techniques. Next, we describe an ultra-high capacity WDM transmission experiment, in which high speed polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), generated by an optical synthesis technique, in combination with coherent detection based on digital signal processing with pilotless algorithms, realize the high spectral efficiency (SE) of 6.4 b/s/Hz. Furthermore, ultra-wideband hybrid optical amplification utilizing distributed Raman amplification (DRA) and C- and extended L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is shown to realize 10.8-THz total signal bandwidth. By using these techniques, 69.1-Tbit/s transmission is demonstrated over 240-km of pure silica-core fibers (PSCFs). Furthermore, we describe PDM 64-QAM transmission over 160 km of PSCFs with the SE of 9.0 b/s/Hz.

In this paper, we analyze recurrence relations generalized from the Tower of Hanoi problem of the form T(n,α,β) = min 1 ≤ t ≤ n {αT(n-t,α,β) + βS(t,3)} , where S(t,3) = 2t - 1 is the optimal total number of moves for the 3-peg Tower of Hanoi problem. It is shown that when α and β are natural numbers, the sequence of differences of T(n,α,β)'s, i.e., {T(n,α,β) - T(n-1,α,β)}, consists of numbers of the form β 2i αj (i, j ≥ 0) lined in the increasing order.

Frequency estimation of a complex single-tone in additive white Gaussian noise from irregularly-spaced samples is addressed. In this Letter, we study the periodogram and weighted phase averager, which are standard solutions in the uniform sampling scenarios, for tackling the problem. It is shown that the estimation performance of both approaches can attain the optimum benchmark of the Cramér-Rao lower bound, although the former technique has a smaller threshold signal-to-noise ratio.

We demonstrate a single-channel 1.28 Tbit/s-525 km transmission using OTDM of subpicosecond DQPSK signals. In order to cope with transmission impairments due to time-varying higher-order PMD, which is one of the major limiting factors in such a long-haul ultrahigh-speed transmission, we newly developed an ultrafast time-domain optical Fourier transformation technique in a round-trip configuration. By applying this technique to subpicosecond pulses, transmission impairments were greatly reduced, and BER performance below FEC limit was obtained with increased system margin.

An interactive support system for image quality enhancement to adjust display equipments according to the user's own subjectivity is developed. Interactive support system for image quality enhancement enable the parameters based on user's preference to be derived by only selecting user's preference images without adjusting image quality parameters directly. In the interactive support system for image quality enhancement, the more the number of parameters is, the more effective this system is. In this paper, lightness, color and sharpness are used as the image quality parameters and the images are enhanced by increasing the number of parameters. Shape of tone curve is controlled by two image quality adjustment parameters for lightness enhancement. Images are enhanced using two image quality adjustment parameters for color enhancement. The two parameters are controlled in L* a* b* color space. Degree and coarseness of image sharpness enhancement are adjusted by controlling a radius of mask of smoothing filter and weight of adding. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, the image quality and derivation time of the proposed method are compared with a manual adjustment method.

This paper presents a systemic analysis for phase noise performances of the series quadrature oscillator (QOSC) by using the time-variant impulse sensitivity function (ISF) model. The effective ISF for each noise source in the oscillator is derived mathematically. According to these effective ISFs, the explicit closed-form expression for phase noise due to the total thermal noise in the series QOSC is derived, and the phase noise contribution from the flicker noise in the regenerative and coupling transistors is also figured out. The phase noise contributions from the thermal noise and the flicker noise are verified by SpectreRF simulations.