An on-line scheduler for ASIC manufacturing line management has been developed. The parameters in the schedule models and the dynamic priority curve in the schedule algorithm were adjusted to obtain schedules well-suited to practical ASIC line management and control. The scheduler is connected to the user interface control module of our ASIC CIM system. In order to facilitate on-line scheduling, we clarify the performance requirements of the computer used for the scheduler with respect to the line scale. Using a current EWS, the scheduler can easily make a one-day schedule for a small-scale line with an annual throughput of less than 1,000 lots within 10 minutes. To cope with larger-scale lines, the multiple scheduling method allows schedules to be produced quickly and efficiently. Therefore, the scheduler can respond flexibly to changes in production plan and line resources and the control delivery date of each lot.

In this paper we describe the formal conditions to detect and resolve all kinds of pipeline data hazards and propose a scheduling algorithm for pipelined instruction set processor synthesis. The algorithm deals with multi cycle operations and tries to minimize the pipeline execution cycles under a given hardware configuration with/without hardware interlock. The main feature that makes the proposed algorithm different from existing ones is the algorithm is for estimating the performance in HW/SW partitioning, with capability of handling a module library of different FUs and dealing with multi cycle operations to be implemented in software. Experimental results of application to ASIP HW/SW codesign show that the proposed algorithm is effective and considerable pipeline execution cycle reduction rates can be achieved. The time complexity of the scheduing algorithm is of O(n2) in the worst case, where n is the number of instructions in a given basic block.

In this paper, we propose the media scheduler employing an adaptive estimator, which uses a posteriori information of data traffic characteristics to facilitate scheduling, when available, to provide on-line scheduling of dynamic scene change based on its statistical characteristics. Especially, a new adaptive scheduling scheme showed good persistent to the arrival message with bursty characteristics. And we confirmed the performance through the computer simulation when QOS requirements are given.

Carrier mobility is one of the most fundamental parameters in semiconductor device modeling, and many mobility models have already been reported. Especially for numerical device simulators, many local models which are functions of impurity concentration and electric field at each local point have been studied. However, concerning their dependence on impurity concentration including carrier screening effects, these models suffer parameter fitting procedure because of their empirical formulation. In such models, carrier screening effects to the Coulomb potential of ionized impurity are not sufficiently considered, although we can find some models which treat the effects as only a small perturbation term. According to the simple theory of Brooks and Herring, carrier screening effects should be included in strong combination with impurity concentration terms and cannot be treated as additional perturbations. Although Brooks-Herring theory is successful, it also suffers from overestimation of the mobility values at concentration higher than 1018 cm-3 which causes some other complicated phenomena. Therefore there have been no models which directly use Brooks-Herring formula. But it is true that such screening effects should be considered when carrier concentration differs from impurity concentration as in the inversion layers of MOSFETs. We have developed a new mobility model for its dependence of impurity and carrier concentration based on the theory of Brooks-Herring. Brooks-Herring theory is based on simple physics of screened Coulomb potential, and therefore makes the model to include effects of free carriers without an artifitial formula. For high doping regime, an additional term has been introduced in Brooks-Herring formula to correct the high doping effects. Except for this term, the model should be most appropriate for including the carrier screening effects upto the concentration of 1018 cm-3. The new model is implimented in a device simulator, and is applied to the evaluation of MOSFETs especially for the universal curves of inversion layer mobility. Moreoever, the applications to the depletion-type MOSFET confirm the validity of the screening effects. The purpose of this paper is to propose the new mobility model and to show its validity through these applications to MOSFETs.

This paper describes an optimal scheduling approach which finds the scheduling result of the minimum functional unit cost under the given timing constraint. In this method, a well-defined search space is constructed incrementally and traversed in a branch-and-bound manner. During the traversal, tighter lower bounds are estimated and utilized coupled with the upper bound on the optimal solution in pruning the search space effectively. This method is extended to support multi-cycling operations, operation chaining, pipelined functional units, and pipelined data paths. Experimental results on some benchmarks show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Degradation of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) reliability such as the relative transconductance reduction by plasma exposure is evaluated. The linear region peak transconductance (gm) decreases with antenna ratio (exposed antenna area/gate area) due to the plasma-induced Si-SiO2 interface state generation. The Si-SiO2 interface-related gm reduction which is defined as (gm0gm)/gm, where gm0 is the initial value of gm, decreases as the gate oxide thickness decreases. It is also found that the decreasing amount of gm depends on the conduction current from the plasma. The correlation between the (gm0gm)/gm and the plasma-induced reduction of charge-to-breakdown of the gate oxide with a constant current stress (ΔQBD) is observed, and the result shows that the gm reduction of nMOSFET during the plasma process is severe to the plasma-induced damage compared with the gate oxide breakdown.

In this paper, bifurcation and chaotic behavior which occur in simple looped MOS inverters with high speed operation are described. The most important point in this work is to change a nonlinear transfer characteristic of a MOS inverter to the nonlinearity generating a chaos. Three types of circuits which include four, three and one MOS inverters, respectively, are proposed. A switched capacitor (SC) circuit to operate sampling holding is added in the loop in each of the circuits. The bifurcation and chaotic behavior have been found along with a variation of an external input, and/or a sampling clock frequency. The bifurcation and chaotic behavior of the proposed simple looped MOS inverters are verified by employing SPICE circuit simulator as well as the experiments. For the first type of four looped CMOS inverters, Lyapunov exponent λ which has the positive regions for the chaotic behavior can be calculated by use of the fitting nonlinear function synthesized from two sigmoid functions. For the second type of three looped CMOS inverters and the third type of one looped MOS inverter, the nonlinear charge/discharge characteristics of the hold capacitor in the SC circuit is utilized efficiently for forming the nonlinearity generating the bifurcation and chaotic behavior. Their bifurcation can be generated by the sampling clock frequency parameter which is controlled easily.

The precise phase characteristics of the reflected and transmitted waves are obtained for electromagnetic scattering by inductive discontinuities of finite thickness located in rectangular waveguides. The incident wave is assumed to be the dominant mode, and the modified residue-calculus method is used for numerical analysis. The phase characteristics when the thickness and width of the iris are varied, and characteristics of the reflected and transmitted waves when resonance appears, are discussed. In addition, an X-band experiment is performed and the calculations for both the reflected and transmitted waves are shown to agree well with the experimental values.

In this letter, we propose a simple voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with circuitry combining a Miller integrator and an RS flip-flop circuit. With the VCO, the control voltage can be varied over a broad range, and the oscillation frequency varies in proportion to the control voltage. The maximum voltage is up to 1000 times the minimum, and the calculated design values and measured values agree well. This VCO can be applied to FM modulators, FSK modulators, and other systems.

Electromagnetic environments generated by power transmission system, possibilities of the interference and its mitigation method was introduced. In the frequency region below 10kHz, concern for DC and AC electric and magnetic field are described. In the frequency range above 10kHz, concern for discharges on power apparatus, electromagnetic emvironments generated by carrier system and fault locating system and passive interference are described. Electromagnetic environment caused by load equipments, that is harmonics, and undesirable electromagnetic emission from power converting units are described finally.

There have been many investigations of mutual synchronization of oscillators. In this article, N oscillators with the same natural frequencies mutually coupled by one resistor are analyzed. In this system, various synchronization phenomena can be observed because the system tends to minimize the current through the coupling resistor. When the nonlinear characteristics are third-power, we can observe N-phase oscillation, and this system can take (N 1)! phase states. When the nonlinear characteristics are fifth-power, we can observe (N 1),(N 2)3 and 2-phase oscillations as well as N-phase oscillations and we can get much more phase states from this system than that of the system with third-power nonlinear characteristics. Because of their coupling structure and huge number of steady states of the system, our system would be a structural element of cellular neural networks. In this study, it is confirmed that our systems can stably take huge number of phase states by theoretical analysis, computer calculations and circuit experiments.

The wave forms of electric and magnetic fields radiated by short gap discharges are measured to analyze electrostatic discharge (ESD) events in the near-field zone with the monopole antennas, the loop antenna and the 5.5GHz bandwidth waveform digitizer. The antenna outputs are corrected by the measured characteristics of the antennas. The relations between the measured electric field and the discharge currents are discussed.

This paper proposes a multi-fisheye distortion method which can show a large-scale telecommunication network in a single window on the display of a workstation or personal computer. This distortion method has three advantages over the conventional single-fisheye distortion method. First, the focus area is magnified smoothly by the fisheye distortion method, and the peripheral area coordinates are calculated linearly to avoid unnecessary distortion. Second, multiple focus areas are magnified smoothly by using an average of the coordinates calculated for the individual focuses. Third, the scale of unnecessary areas is reduced to provide sufficient space for magnification. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by applying to the display of large-scale networks. The effect of the resulting network map distortion on the user is tested by a subjective evaluation experiment.

In this paper a method of recognizing waveform based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) presented by us is applied to detecting the K-complex in human's EEG which is a slow wave overridden by fast rhythms (called as spindle). The features of K-complex are extracted in terms of three parameters: the local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus, average slope and the number of DWT coefficients in a wave. The 4th order B-spline wavelet is selected as the wavelet basis. Two channels at different resolutions are used to detect slow wave and sleep spindle contained in the K-complex. According to the principle of the minimum distance classification the classifiers are designed in order to decide the thresholds of recognition criteria. The EEG signal containing K-complexes elicited by sound stimuli is used as pattern to train the classifiers. Compared with traditional method of waveform recognition in time domain, this method has the advantage of automatically classifying duration ranks of various waves with different frequencies. Hence, it specially is suitable to recognition of signals which are the superimposition of waves with different frequencies. The experimental results of detection of K-complexes indicate that the method is effective.

Memory type polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) can be applied to a thermal addressing display device cell. Making use of its easy fabrication of large area display using flexible film substrate, the PDLC film can be used as reusable paper for direct-view mode display. In this study, memory type PDLC cells are prepared with an aluminum reflector deposited onto one side of the substrate and the reflection property in the PDLC cell with the reflector is clarified and compared to that without the reflector in the off-, on- and memory-states. The increase of contrast ratio and the decrease of driving voltage can be concurrently realized by decreasing the cell thickness by attaching the reflector. In addition, the reflected light in the off-state is bright and colorless due to the reflector, as compared with the weak, bluish reflected light in the cell without the reflector. Reflected light in the on-state and the memory-state are tinged with blue.

Graph unification is doubtlessly the most expensive process in unification-based grammar parsing since it takes the vast majority of the total parsing time of natural language sentences. A parsing time overload in unification consists in that, in general, no less than 60% of the graph unifications performed actually fail. Thus one way to achieve unification time speed-up is focusing on an efficient, fast way to deal with such unification failures. In this paper, a process, prior to unification itself, capable of filtering or stopping a considerably high percentage of graphs that would fail unification is proposed. This unification-filtering process consists of comparison of signatures that correspond to each one of the graphs to be unified. Unification-filter (hereafter UF) is capable of stopping around 87% of the non-unifiable graphs before unification itself takes place. UF takes significantly less time to detect graphs that do not unify and discard them than it would take to unification to fail the attempt to unify the same graphs. As a result of using UF, unification is performed in an around 71% of the time for the fastest known unification algorithm.

Trouble management is a key function in solving the problems and maintaining the high communications capability of a network when communication service network users encounter problems in the quality of services [1]. This paper proposes technologies and architecture for an intelligent management system to achieve advanced service/network trouble management. The system generates operation scenarios to find a cause to solve a reported trouble, executes them, and modifies them according to operation circumstance changes. In the scenario execution process, fault propagation simulation is used to isolate a fault in necessary cases. The evaluation of the system applied to the ISDN services shows that the proposed system can achieve high-speed, precise trouble management by the integrated cooperative work of a human (operator) and a machine (operation system).

Zero-pronouns and overt pronouns occur frequently in Japanese text. These must be interpreted by recognizing their antecedents to properly understand' a piece of discourse. The notion of centering" has been used to help in the interpretation process for intersentential anaphors. This is based on the premise that in a piece of discourse, some members have a greater amount of attention put on it than other members. In Japanese, the zero-pronoun is said to have the greatest amount of attention put on it. But, when there are more than one zero-pronoun in a sentence, only one of them would be accountable using centering. Overt pronouns and any other zero-pronouns may as well have appeared as ordinary' noun phrases. In this paper, the notion of centering has been extended so that these can also be interpreted. Basically, zero-pronouns and overt pronouns are treated as being more centered" in the discourse than other ordinary' noun phrases. They are put in an ordered list called the Center List. Any other noun phrases appearing in a sentence are put in another list called the Possible Center List. Noun phrases within both lists are ordered according to their degrees of salience. To see the effect of our approach, it was implemented in a simple system with minimal constraints and evaluated. The result showed that when the antecedent is in either the Center List or the Possible Center List, 80% of all zero-pronouns and overt pronouns were properly interpreted.

Ultrashort pulsed-beam propagation in a Kerr-type bulk medium is studied theoretically through classical and quantum field solutions of a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is valid for transversely localized femtosecond pulses in an anomalous dispersion regime. Quantum-mechanical stability analysis via a Hartree approximation to interacting bosons shows that within a certain range of a parameter the solitary wave could be stabilized even in the three-dimensional transverse space-time. This feature admits of an exotic route to multidimensional solitons.

Telecommunications management activities have mostly been supported by operators; however, machines are gradually playing more important roles in the management arena by utilizing computing technology. Additionally, management systems can now be networked by using standard interface specifications. The study of human and machine integration is thus essential for achieving the sophisticated management objectives of telecommunications. This paper proposes the principles for a telecommunications management integration network (TMIN), which integrates human and machine management networks, and proposes a source text description method for transferring management communication knowledge from human to machine. First, reference models are proposed for the management process and management communication. These models cover network management activities of both humans and machines. Second, the contents of the source text are clarified. Source text presents human management knowledge in a form suitable for machine-machine communication. Third, an efficient source text description method is proposed that reduces redundancy and proliferation. Finally, a means of harmonizing management information definitions with TMIN is suggested to facilitate human-machine cooperation.