Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is one of the most serious network attacks that occurred in cyberspace due to sophisticated techniques and deep concealment. Modeling APT attack process can facilitate APT analysis, detection, and prediction. However, current techniques focus on modeling known attacks, which neither reflect APT attack dynamically nor take human factors into considerations. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose a Targeted Complex Attack Network (TCAN) model for APT attack process based on dynamic attack graph and network evolution. Compared with current models, our model addresses human factors by conducting a two-layer network structure. Meanwhile, we present a stochastic model based on states change in the target network to specify nodes involved in the procedure of this APT. Besides, our model adopts time domain to expand the traditional attack graph into dynamic attack network. Our model is featured by flexibility, which is proven through changing the related parameters. In addition, we propose dynamic evolution rules based on complex network theory and characteristics of the actual attack scenarios. Finally, we elaborate a procedure to add nodes by a matrix operation. The simulation results show that our model can model the process of attack effectively.

The Long Term Evolution (LTE) of mobile communication standard was designed by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) to serve the requirements. Nowadays, the combining of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is supported in LTE system. The MIMO-OFDM is considered to improve data rate and channel capacity without additional bandwidth. Because the receivers get all transmission signals from all transmitters at the same time, many detection schemes have been developed for accurate estimation and low complexity. Among the detection schemes, the QR decomposition with M algorithm (QRD-M) achieves optimal error performance with low complexity. Nevertheless, the conventional QRD-M has high complexity for implementation. To overcome the problem, this letter proposes the low complexity QRD-M detection scheme in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed scheme has two elements which decide layer value and the limited candidates. The two elements are defined by the number of transmit antennas and the cardinality of modulation set respectively. From simulation results, the proposed scheme has the same error performance with the conventional QRD-M and very lower complexity than the conventional QRD-M.

The breadth-first tree searching (BFTS) detection algorithm such as the QR decomposition with M algorithm (QRD-M) which is the generally K-best detection algorithm is suboptimal, but has high complexity. In this letter, the K-best BFTS detection algorithm having reduced complexity is proposed. The proposed detection algorithm calculates the channel condition to decide the thresholds for regulating complexity and performance and from the simulation results, it has good error performance with very low complexity.

A novel generalized side-information cancellation (GSIC) precoder is proposed for multiuser multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink systems with channel state information at the transmitter. The proposed transceiver involves the following stages. First, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based channel inversion (MMSE-CI) technique is utilized to suppress multiuser broadcast interference. By using a GSIC technique, it can further reduce the residual multiuser interference and the noise induced by MMSE-CI preprocessing. Next, with a singular value decomposition method, the spatial stream interference of each user is suppressed by the pre-processing and post-processing eigenvector matrices. Finally, the proposed precoder can be extended to joint water filling and diagonal loading methods for performance enhancement. For the correlated MIMO channels, signal subspace and antenna selection methods, incorporating the proposed GSIC precoder, are further designed to maximize the sum rate performance. Simulation results show that the proposed GSIC precoder outperforms the conventional precoders. Besides, simulation results confirm that the proposed GSIC precoder with water filling, diagonal loading, and signal subspace techniques exhibits excellent performance.

Several kinds of techniques for excellent multi-user interference (MUI) cancellation have been proposed for direct-detection synchronous optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems. All these techniques utilize modified prime sequence codes (MPSCs) as signature codes and can remove MUI errors efficiently. In this paper, the features of three typical MUI cancellers are studied and compared in detail. The authors defined the parameter “decision distance” to show the feature of MUI cancellers. The bit error rate performance of each canceller is investigated by computer simulation and compared with that of the basic on-off keying (OOK) scheme without cancellation. Then, we investigate the relationship between the decision distance and the bit error rate performance. It is shown that every canceller has a better bit error rate performance than the basic OOK scheme. Especially, the equal weight orthogonal (EWO) scheme, whose decision distance is the largest, has the best error resistance property of the three MUI cancellers. The results show that the decision distance is a useful index to evaluate the error resistance property of MUI cancellation schemes.

In our previous work, we introduced new concepts of secure scan design; shift register equivalent circuits (SR-equivalents, for short) and strongly secure circuits, and also introduced generalized shift registers (GSRs, for short) to apply them to secure scan design. In this paper, we combine both concepts of SR-equivalents and strongly secure circuits and apply them to GSRs, and consider the synthesis problem of strongly secure SR-equivalents using GSRs. We also consider the enumeration problem of GSRs that are strongly secure and SR-equivalent, i.e., the cardinality of the class of strongly secure SR-equivalent GSRs to clarify the security level of the secure scan architecture.

A novel dimensionality reduction method, Fisher Discriminant Locality Preserving Canonical Correlation Analysis (FDLP-CCA), for visualizing Web images is presented in this paper. FDLP-CCA can integrate two modalities and discriminate target items in terms of their semantics by considering unique characteristics of the two modalities. In this paper, we focus on Web images with text uploaded on Social Networking Services for these two modalities. Specifically, text features have high discriminate power in terms of semantics. On the other hand, visual features of images give their perceptual relationships. In order to consider both of the above unique characteristics of these two modalities, FDLP-CCA estimates the correlation between the text and visual features with consideration of the cluster structure based on the text features and the local structures based on the visual features. Thus, FDLP-CCA can integrate the different modalities and provide separated manifolds to organize enhanced compactness within each natural cluster.

At the present time, as downsizing of connectors causes thin gold plated layer and low contact load, serious problem of degradation of contact resistance property is induced. For these contacts, corrosion of the contacts surface under environment and high temperature as soldering and reflow process should be existed. Oxidation of base metal atoms which are diffused from under layer and additives occurs. Contact resistance increases for both surface contamination and low contact load. In order to resolve these problems and wear of surface, application of contact lubricants is useful and effective. However, degradation of the lubricants under such reflow process as high temperature possibly occurs. Therefore, in this study, from view point of change of lubricant quality as viscosity, weight loss, polymerization, oxidation and molecular orientation were clarified. For increase in contact resistance, orientation of lubricant molecular acts as important factor was found. The other factors of the lubricant hardly does not effect on contact resistance.

This paper presents beamforming and beam tracking techniques and downlink performance results from field experiments using a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) system. The PoC implements a 5G mobile radio access system in the millimeter wave band and utilizes beamforming and beam tracking techniques. These techniques are realized with a dielectric lens antenna fed by a switched antenna feeder array. The half-power beamwidth of the antenna is 3° corresponding to massive MIMO using approximately 1000 antenna elements. The system bandwidth is 1GHz and the center frequency is 73.5GHz. Adaptive modulation and coding using four modulation and coding schemes is implemented. The field experiment is conducted in the following small cell environments: a courtyard, a shopping mall and a street canyon. The majority of the test area is Line-Of-Sight (LOS) however the shopping mall course contains 69% Non-LOS (NLOS) conditions. The results show that the maximum throughput of over 2Gbps using rate 7/8 coded 16QAM modulation is achieved in 87%, 34% and 28% of each of the respective environments. The beam tracking achieves high availability of coverage and seamless mobility not only in LOS environments but also under NLOS conditions through the reflected paths.

This letter presents a successive partial interference cancellation (SPIC) scheme for full-duplex (FD) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying system. The proposed scheme coordinates the cancellation for the self-interference and inter-stream interference. The objective for the coordination focuses on simultaneously minimizing the two interferences. Simulation results under the measured data show that the system with the proposed scheme can achieve a significant performance gain compared to the conventional FD and half-duplex (HD) systems.

An transfer learning method, called Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis plus (KCCA+), is proposed for heterogeneous Cross-company defect prediction. Combining the kernel method and transfer learning techniques, this method improves the performance of the predictor with more adaptive ability in nonlinearly separable scenarios. Experiments validate its effectiveness.

Recently, much progress has been made in the study of belief propagation (BP) based signal detection with large-scale factor graphs. When we apply the BP algorithm to equalization in a SISO multipath channel, the corresponding factor graph has many short loops and patterns in an edge connection/strength. Thus, proper convergence may not be achieved. In general, the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) oscillates in ill-converged cases. Therefore, LLR oscillation avoidance is important for BP-based equalization. In this paper, we propose applying node selection (NS) to prevent the LLR from oscillating. The NS extends the loop length virtually by a serial LLR update. Thus, some performance improvement is expected. Simulation results show that the error floor is significantly reduced by NS in the uncoded case and that the NS works very well in the coded case.

This paper experimentally verifies the potential of higher order space division multiplexing in line-of-sight (LOS) channels for multiuser massive MIMO. We previously proposed an inter-user interference (IUI) cancellation scheme and a simplified user scheduling method for Massive Antenna Systems for Wireless Entrance (MAS-WE). In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, channel state information (CSI) for a 1×32 SIMO channel is measured in a real propagation environment with simplified test equipment. Evaluations of the measured CSI data confirm the effectiveness of our proposals; they offer good equal gain transmission (EGT) performance, reduced spatial correlation with enlarged angular gap between users, and quite small channel state fluctuation. Link level simulations elucidate that the simple IUI cancellation method is stable in practical conditions. The degradation in symbol error rate with the measured CSI, relative to that yielded by the output of the theoretical LOS channel model, is insignificant.

Biomimetics is a new research field that creates innovation through the collaboration of different existing research fields. However, the collaboration, i.e., the exchange of deep knowledge between different research fields, is difficult for several reasons such as differences in technical terms used in different fields. In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a new retrieval platform, “Biomimetics image retrieval platform,” using a visualization-based image retrieval technique. A biological database contains a large volume of image data, and by taking advantage of these image data, we are able to overcome limitations of text-only information retrieval. By realizing such a retrieval platform that does not depend on technical terms, individual biological databases of various species can be integrated. This will allow not only the use of data for the study of various species by researchers in different biological fields but also access for a wide range of researchers in fields ranging from materials science, mechanical engineering and manufacturing. Therefore, our platform provides a new path bridging different fields and will contribute to the development of biomimetics since it can overcome the limitation of the traditional retrieval platform.

In accordance with Moore's law, recent design issues include shortening of time-to-market and detection of delay faults. Several studies with respect to formal techniques have examined the first issue. Using the equivalence checking, it is possible to identify whether large circuits are equivalent or not in a practical time frame. With respect to the latter issue, it is difficult to achieve 100% fault efficiency even for transition faults in full scan designs. This study involved proposing a redundant transition fault identification method using equivalence checking. The main concept of the proposed algorithm involved combining the following two known techniques, 1. modeling of a transition fault as a stuck-at fault with temporal expansion and 2. detection of a stuck-at fault by using equivalence checking tools. The experimental results indicated that the proposed redundant identification method using a formal approach achieved 100% fault efficiency for all benchmark circuits in a practical time even if a commercial ATPG tool was unable to achieve 100% fault efficiency for several circuits.

This paper proposes a practical application of Massive MIMO technology, Massive Antenna Systems for Wireless Entrance (MAS-WE), and along with related inter-user interference cancellation (IUIC) and scheduling techniques. MAS-WE, in which the entrance base station (EBS) employs a large number of antennas, can effectively provide high capacity wireless entrance links to a large number of access points (APs) distributed over a wide coverage area. The proposed techniques are simplified to practical implementation; EBS side uses around 100 antenna elements to spatially multiplex more than 16 signal streams. SIR performance is evaluated by system level simulations that consider imperfect channel state information (CSI). The results show that MAS-WE with the proposed techniques can reliably achieve high spectral efficiency with high level space division multiplexing.

A wideband noise-cancelling receiver front-end is proposed in this brief. As a basic architecture, a low-noise transconductance amplifier, a passive mixer, and a transimpedance amplifier are employed to compose the wideband receiver. To achieve wideband input matching for the transconductor, a global feedback method is adopted. Since the wideband receiver has to minimize linearity degradation if a large blocker signal exists out-of-band, a linearization technique is applied for the transconductor circuit. The linearization cancels third-order intermodulation distortion components and increases linearity; however, the additional circuits used in linearization generate excessive noise. A noise-cancelling architecture that employs an auxiliary path cancels noise signals generated in the main path. The designed receiver front-end is fabricated using a 65-nm CMOS process. The receiver operates in the frequency range of 25 MHz-2 GHz with a gain of 49.7 dB. The in-band input-referred third-order intercept point is improved by 12.3 dB when the linearization is activated, demonstrating the effectiveness of the linearization technique.

This paper presents human-centered video feature selection via mRMR-SCMMCCA (minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance-Specific Correlation Maximization Multiset Canonical Correlation Analysis) algorithm for preference extraction. The proposed method derives SCMMCCA, which simultaneously maximizes two kinds of correlations, correlation between video features and users' viewing behavior features and correlation between video features and their corresponding rating scores. By monitoring the derived correlations, the selection of the optimal video features that represent users' individual preference becomes feasible.

Contact lubricants have been used in electric contacts such as connectors. Contact failures for down size of connector contacts with low contact force and cost down of gold plated are a serious problem to be solved. One solution is the application of lubricants to the contacts. Particularly these contacts are exposed to elevated temperature under reflow treatment in assembling processes. It is an important subject should be clarified that the deterioration phenomenon of increases in contact resistance properties under the reflow. This degradation should be induced by two causes. Namely, one is a surface contamination due to oxidation of diffused small amount of additives through gold plated layer. The other is decomposition of the coated lubricants. In this study, first of all, degradation of contact resistance properties were measured, and change of images of STM for exposure time of high temperature were observed. To clarify more in detail this degradation of the contact resistance, for both clean gold plated surface and heated clean surface were examined by using XPS and AES analysis. As results, contact resistance properties of clean surface were found to degrade for exposure at the elevated temperature. This degradation was found due to oxidation of base metal nickel and cobalt additive to gold plated surface. However, influence of the contact lubrication on the degradation of contact resistance was not recognized. The change of composition of an olefin lubricant was discussed by using STM images. Moreover, growth of oxide film on the clean surface was found as cubic law by using an ellipsometry.

As the number of electronic control units (ECUs) or sensors connected to a controller area network (CAN) bus increases, so does the bus load. When a CAN bus is overloaded by a large number of ECUs, both the waiting time and the error probability of the data transmission are increased. Because the duration of the data transmission is proportional to the frame length, it is desirable to reduce the CAN frame length. In this paper, we present an improved CAN data-reduction (DR) algorithm to reduce the amount of data to be transferred in the CAN frame length. We also implement the data reduction algorithm using the CANoe software, and measure the CAN bus load using a CANcaseXL device. Experimental results with a Kia Sorento vehicle indicate that we can obtain additional average compression ratio of 11.15% with the proposed method compared with the ECANDC algorithm. By using the CANoe software, we show that the average message delay is within 0.10ms and the bus load can be reduced by 23.45% with 20 ECUs using the proposed method compared with the uncompressed message.