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[Keyword] CAN(742hit)

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  • Peak Cancellation Signal Generation Considering Variance in Signal Power among Transmitter Antennas in PAPR Reduction Method Using Null Space in MIMO Channel for MIMO-OFDM Signals Open Access

    Jun SAITO  Nobuhide NONAKA  Kenichi HIGUCHI  

     
    PAPER-Wireless Communication Technologies

      Vol:
    E107-B No:10
      Page(s):
    661-669

    We propose a novel peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction method based on a peak cancellation (PC) signal vector that considers the variance in the average signal power among transmitter antennas for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals using the null space in a MIMO channel. First, we discuss the conditions under which the PC signal vector achieves a sufficient PAPR reduction effect after its projection onto the null space of the MIMO channel. The discussion reveals that the magnitude of the correlation between the PC signal vector before projection and the transmission signal vector should be as low as possible. Based on this observation and the fact that to reduce the PAPR it is helpful to suppress the variation in the transmission signal power among antennas, which may be enhanced by beamforming (BF), we propose a novel method for generating a PC signal vector. The proposed PC signal vector is designed so that the signal power levels of all the transmitter antennas are limited to be between the maximum and minimum power threshold levels at the target timing. The newly introduced feature in the proposed method, i.e., increasing the signal power to be above the minimum power threshold, contributes to suppressing the transmission signal power variance among antennas and to improving the PAPR reduction capability after projecting the PC signal onto the null space in the MIMO channel. This is because the proposed method decreases the magnitude of the correlation between the PC signal vectors before its projection and the transmission signal vectors. Based on computer simulation results, we show that the PAPR reduction performance of the proposed method is improved compared to that for the conventional method and the proposed method reduces the computational complexity compared to that for the conventional method for achieving the same target PAPR.

  • Comprehensive Analysis of Read Fluctuations in ReRAM CiM by Using Fluctuation Pattern Classifier Open Access

    Ayumu YAMADA  Zhiyuan HUANG  Naoko MISAWA  Chihiro MATSUI  Ken TAKEUCHI  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2024/04/09
      Vol:
    E107-C No:10
      Page(s):
    416-425

    In this work, fluctuation patterns of ReRAM current are classified automatically by proposed fluctuation pattern classifier (FPC). FPC is trained with artificially created dataset to overcome the difficulties of measured current signals, including the annotation cost and imbalanced data amount. Using FPC, fluctuation occurrence under different write conditions is analyzed for both HRS and LRS current. Based on the measurement and classification results, physical models of fluctuations are established.

  • Synchronization of Canards in Coupled Canard-Generating Bonhoeffer-Van Der Pol Oscillators Subject to Weak Periodic Perturbations Open Access

    Kundan Lal DAS  Munehisa SEKIKAWA  Tadashi TSUBONE  Naohiko INABA  Hideaki OKAZAKI  

     
    PAPER-Nonlinear Problems

      Pubricized:
    2023/11/13
      Vol:
    E107-A No:8
      Page(s):
    1098-1105

    This paper discusses the synchronization of two identical canard-generating oscillators. First, we investigate a canard explosion generated in a system containing a Bonhoeffer-van der Pol (BVP) oscillator using the actual parameter values obtained experimentally. We find that it is possible to numerically observe a canard explosion using this dynamic oscillator. Second, we analyze the complete and in-phase synchronizations of identical canard-generating coupled oscillators via experimental and numerical methods. However, we experimentally determine that a small decrease in the coupling strength of the system induces the collapse of the complete synchronization and the occurrence of a complex synchronization; this finding could not be explained considering four-dimensional autonomous coupled BVP oscillators in our numerical work. To numerically investigate the experimental results, we construct a model containing coupled BVP oscillators that are subjected to two weak periodic perturbations having the same frequency. Further, we find that this model can efficiently numerically reproduce experimentally observed synchronization.

  • Convolutional Neural Network Based on Regional Features and Dimension Matching for Skin Cancer Classification Open Access

    Zhichao SHA  Ziji MA  Kunlai XIONG  Liangcheng QIN  Xueying WANG  

     
    PAPER-Image

      Vol:
    E107-A No:8
      Page(s):
    1319-1327

    Diagnosis at an early stage is clinically important for the cure of skin cancer. However, since some skin cancers have similar intuitive characteristics, and dermatologists rely on subjective experience to distinguish skin cancer types, the accuracy is often suboptimal. Recently, the introduction of computer methods in the medical field has better assisted physicians to improve the recognition rate but some challenges still exist. In the face of massive dermoscopic image data, residual network (ResNet) is more suitable for learning feature relationships inside big data because of its deeper network depth. Aiming at the deficiency of ResNet, this paper proposes a multi-region feature extraction and raising dimension matching method, which further improves the utilization rate of medical image features. This method firstly extracted rich and diverse features from multiple regions of the feature map, avoiding the deficiency of traditional residual modules repeatedly extracting features in a few fixed regions. Then, the fused features are strengthened by up-dimensioning the branch path information and stacking it with the main path, which solves the problem that the information of two paths is not ideal after fusion due to different dimensionality. The proposed method is experimented on the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) Archive dataset, which contains more than 40,000 images. The results of this work on this dataset and other datasets are evaluated to be improved over networks containing traditional residual modules and some popular networks.

  • Differential Active Self-Interference Cancellation for Asynchronous In-Band Full-Duplex GFSK Open Access

    Shinsuke IBI  Takumi TAKAHASHI  Hisato IWAI  

     
    PAPER-Wireless Communication Technologies

      Vol:
    E107-B No:8
      Page(s):
    552-563

    This paper proposes a novel differential active self-interference canceller (DASIC) algorithm for asynchronous in-band full-duplex (IBFD) Gaussian filtered frequency shift keying (GFSK), which is designed for wireless Internet of Things (IoT). In IBFD communications, where two terminals simultaneously transmit and receive signals in the same frequency band, there is an extremely strong self-interference (SI). The SI can be mitigated by an active SI canceller (ASIC), which subtracts an interference replica based on channel state information (CSI) from the received signal. The challenging problem is the realization of asynchronous IBFD for wireless IoT in indoor environments. In the asynchronous mode, pilot contamination is induced by the non-orthogonality between asynchronous pilot sequences. In addition, the transceiver suffers from analog front-end (AFE) impairments, such as phase noise. Due to these impairments, the SI cannot be canceled entirely at the receiver, resulting in residual interference. To address the above issue, the DASIC incorporates the principle of the differential codec, which enables to suppress SI without the CSI estimation of SI owing to the differential structure. Also, on the premise of using an error correction technique, iterative detection and decoding (IDD) is applied to improve the detection capability while exchanging the extrinsic log-likelihood ratio (LLR) between the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) detector and the channel decoder. Finally, the validity of using the DASIC algorithm is evaluated by computer simulations in terms of the packet error rate (PER). The results clearly demonstrate the possibility of realizing asynchronous IBFD.

  • Design and Fabrication of a Metasurface for Bandwidth Enhancement of RCS Reduction Based on Scattering Cancellation Open Access

    Hiroshi SUENOBU  Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO  Michio TAKIKAWA  Naofumi YONEDA  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2023/09/19
      Vol:
    E107-C No:4
      Page(s):
    91-97

    A method for bandwidth enhancement of radar cross section (RCS) reduction by metasurfaces was studied. Scattering cancellation is one of common methods for reducing RCS of target scatterers. It occurs when the wave scattered by the target scatterer and the wave scattered by the canceling scatterer are the same amplitude and opposite phase. Since bandwidth of scattering cancellation is usually narrow, we proposed the bandwidth enhancement method using metasurfaces, which can control the frequency dependence of the scattering phase. We designed and fabricated a metasurface composed of a patch array on a grounded dielectric substrate. Numerical and experimental evaluations confirmed that the metasurface enhances the bandwidth of 10dB RCS reduction by 52% bandwidth ratio of the metasurface from 34% bandwidth ratio of metallic cancelling scatterers.

  • Low Complexity Overloaded MIMO Non-Linear Detector with Iterative LLR Estimation

    Satoshi DENNO  Shuhei MAKABE  Yafei HOU  

     
    PAPER-Wireless Communication Technologies

      Vol:
    E107-B No:3
      Page(s):
    339-348

    This paper proposes a non-linear overloaded MIMO detector that outperforms the conventional soft-input maximum likelihood detector (MLD) with less computational complexity. We propose iterative log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimation and multi stage LLR estimation for the proposed detector to achieve such superior performance. While the iterative LLR estimation achieves better BER performance, the multi stage LLR estimation makes the detector less complex than the conventional soft-input maximum likelihood detector (MLD). The computer simulation reveals that the proposed detector achieves about 0.6dB better BER performance than the soft-input MLD with about half of the soft-input MLD's complexity in a 6×3 overloaded MIMO OFDM system.

  • Device-to-Device Communications Employing Fog Nodes Using Parallel and Serial Interference Cancelers

    Binu SHRESTHA  Yuyuan CHANG  Kazuhiko FUKAWA  

     
    PAPER-Wireless Communication Technologies

      Pubricized:
    2023/10/06
      Vol:
    E107-B No:1
      Page(s):
    223-231

    Device-to-device (D2D) communication allows user terminals to directly communicate with each other without the need for any base stations (BSs). Since the D2D communication underlaying a cellular system shares frequency channels with BSs, co-channel interference may occur. Successive interference cancellation (SIC), which is also called the serial interference canceler, detects and subtracts user signals from received signals in descending order of received power, can cope with the above interference and has already been applied to fog nodes that manage communications among machine-to-machine (M2M) devices besides direct communications with BSs. When differences among received power levels of user signals are negligible, however, SIC cannot work well and thus causes degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. To solve such a problem, this paper proposes to apply parallel interference cancellation (PIC), which can simultaneously detect both desired and interfering signals under the maximum likelihood criterion and can maintain good BER performance even when power level differences among users are small. When channel coding is employed, however, SIC can be superior to PIC in terms of BER under some channel conditions. Considering the superiority, this paper also proposes to select the proper cancellation scheme and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that can maximize the throughput of D2D under a constraint of BER, in which the canceler selection is referred to as adaptive interference cancellation. Computer simulations show that PIC outperforms SIC under almost all channel conditions and thus the adaptive selection from PIC and SIC can achieve a marginal gain over PIC, while PIC can achieve 10% higher average system throughput than that of SIC. As for transmission delay time, it is demonstrated that the adaptive selection and PIC can shorten the delay time more than any other schemes, although the fog node causes the delay time of 1ms at least.

  • Decomposition of P6-Free Chordal Bipartite Graphs

    Asahi TAKAOKA  

     
    LETTER-Graphs and Networks

      Pubricized:
    2023/05/17
      Vol:
    E106-A No:11
      Page(s):
    1436-1439

    Canonical decomposition for bipartite graphs, which was introduced by Fouquet, Giakoumakis, and Vanherpe (1999), is a decomposition scheme for bipartite graphs associated with modular decomposition. Weak-bisplit graphs are bipartite graphs totally decomposable (i.e., reducible to single vertices) by canonical decomposition. Canonical decomposition comprises series, parallel, and K+S decomposition. This paper studies a decomposition scheme comprising only parallel and K+S decomposition. We show that bipartite graphs totally decomposable by this decomposition are precisely P6-free chordal bipartite graphs. This characterization indicates that P6-free chordal bipartite graphs can be recognized in linear time using the recognition algorithm for weak-bisplit graphs presented by Giakoumakis and Vanherpe (2003).

  • Broadband Port-Selective Silicon Beam Scanning Device for Free-Space Optical Communication Open Access

    Yuki ATSUMI  Tomoya YOSHIDA  Ryosuke MATSUMOTO  Ryotaro KONOIKE  Youichi SAKAKIBARA  Takashi INOUE  Keijiro SUZUKI  

     
    INVITED PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2023/05/24
      Vol:
    E106-C No:11
      Page(s):
    739-747

    Indoor free space optical (FSO) communication technology that provides high-speed connectivity to edge users is expected to be introduced in the near future mobile communication system, where the silicon photonics solid-state beam scanning device is a promising tool because of its low cost, long-term reliability, and other beneficial properties. However, the current two-dimensional beam scanning devices using grating coupler arrays have difficulty in increasing the transmission capacity because of bandwidth regulation. To solve the problem, we have introduced a broadband surface optical coupler, “elephant coupler,” which has great potential for combining wavelength and spatial division multiplexing technologies into the beam scanning device, as an alternative to grating couplers. The prototype port-selective silicon beam scanning device fabricated using a 300 mm CMOS pilot line achieved broadband optical beam emission with a 1 dB-loss bandwidth of 40 nm and demonstrated beam scanning using an imaging lens. The device has also exhibited free-space signal transmission of non-return-to-zero on-off-keying signals at 10 Gbps over a wide wavelength range of 60 nm. In this paper, we present an overview of the developed beam scanning device. Furthermore, the theoretical design guidelines for indoor mobile FSO communication are discussed.

  • No Reference Quality Assessment of Contrast-Distorted SEM Images Based on Global Features

    Fengchuan XU  Qiaoyue LI  Guilu ZHANG  Yasheng CHANG  Zixuan ZHENG  

     
    LETTER-Image Processing and Video Processing

      Pubricized:
    2023/07/28
      Vol:
    E106-D No:11
      Page(s):
    1935-1938

    This letter presents a global feature-based method for evaluating the no reference quality of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) contrast-distorted images. Based on the characteristics of SEM images and the human visual system, the global features of SEM images are extracted as the score for evaluating image quality. In this letter, the texture information of SEM images is first extracted using a low-pass filter with orientation, and the amount of information in the texture part is calculated based on the entropy reflecting the complexity of the texture. The singular values with four scales of the original image are then calculated, and the amount of structural change between different scales is calculated and averaged. Finally, the amounts of texture information and structural change are pooled to generate the final quality score of the SEM image. Experimental results show that the method can effectively evaluate the quality of SEM contrast-distorted images.

  • 1-D and 2-D Beam Steering Arrays Antennas Fed by a Compact Beamforming Network for Millimeter-Wave Communication

    Jean TEMGA  Koki EDAMATSU  Tomoyuki FURUICHI  Mizuki MOTOYOSHI  Takashi SHIBA  Noriharu SUEMATSU  

     
    PAPER-Antennas and Propagation

      Pubricized:
    2023/04/11
      Vol:
    E106-B No:10
      Page(s):
    915-927

    In this article, a new Beamforming Network (BFN) realized in Broadside Coupled Stripline (BCS) is proposed to feed 1×4 and 2×2 arrays antenna at 28 GHZ-Band. The new BFN is composed only of couplers and phase shifters. It doesn't require any crossover compared to the conventional Butler Matrix (BM) which requires two crossovers. The tight coupling and low loss characteristics of the BCS allow a design of a compact and wideband BFN. The new BFN produces the phase differences of (±90°) and (±45°, ±135°) respectively in x- and y-directions. Its integration with a 1×4 linear array antenna reduces the array area by 70% with an improvement of the gain performance compared with the conventional array. The integration with a 2×2 array allows the realization of a full 2-D beam scanning. The proposed concept has been verified experimentally by measuring the fabricated prototypes of the BFN, the 1-D and 2-D patch arrays antennas. The measured 11.5 dBi and 11.3 dBi maximum gains are realized in θ0 = 14° and (θ0, φ0) = (45°,345°) directions respectively for the 1-D and 2-D patch arrays. The physical area of the fabricated BFN is only (0.37λ0×0.3λ0×0.08λ0), while the 1-D array and 2-D array antennas areas without feeding transmission lines are respectively (0.5λ0×2.15λ0×0.08λ0) and (0.9λ0×0.8λ0×0.08λ0).

  • A 2-D Beam Scanning Array Antenna Fed by a Compact 16-Way 2-D Beamforming Network in Broadside Coupled Stripline

    Jean TEMGA  Tomoyuki FURUICHI  Takashi SHIBA  Noriharu SUEMATSU  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2023/03/28
      Vol:
    E106-B No:9
      Page(s):
    768-777

    A 2-D beam scanning array antenna fed by a compact 16-way 2-D beamforming network (BFN) designed in Broadside Coupled Stripline (BCS) is addressed. The proposed 16-way 2-D BFN is formed by interconnecting two groups of 4x4 Butler Matrix (BM). Each group is composed of four compact 4x4 BMs. The critical point of the design is to propose a simple and compact 4x4 BM without crossover in BCS to achieve a better transmission coefficient of the 16-way 2-D BFN with reduced size of merely 0.8λ0×0.8λ0×0.04λ0. Moreover, the complexity of the interface connection between the 2-D BFN and the 4x4 patch array antenna is reduced by using probe feeding. The 16-way 2-D BFN is able to produce the phase shift of ±45°, and ±135° in x- and y- directions. The 2-D BFN is easily integrated under the 4x4 patch array to form a 2-D phased array capable of switching 16 beams in both elevation and azimuth directions. The area of the proposed 2-D beam scanning array antenna module has been significantly reduced to 2λ0×2λ0×0.04λ0. A prototype operating in the frequency range of 4-6GHz is fabricated and measured to validate the concept. The measurement results agree well with the simulations.

  • Threshold Based D-SCFlip Decoding of Polar Codes

    Desheng WANG  Jihang YIN  Yonggang XU  Xuan YANG  Gang HUA  

     
    PAPER-Fundamental Theories for Communications

      Pubricized:
    2023/02/06
      Vol:
    E106-B No:8
      Page(s):
    635-644

    The decoders, which improve the error-correction performance by finding and correcting the error bits caused by channel noise, are a hotspot for polar codes. In this paper, we present a threshold based D-SCFlip (TD-SCFlip) decoder with two improvements based on the D-SCFlip decoder. First, we propose the LLR fidelity criterion to define the LLR threshold and investigate confidence probability to calculate the LLR threshold indirectly. The information bits whose LLR values are smaller than the LLR threshold will be excluded from the range of candidate bits, which reduces the complexity of constructing the flip-bits list without the loss of error-correction performance. Second, we improve the calculation method for flip-bits metric with two perturbation parameters, which locates the channel-induced error bits faster, thus improving the error-correction performance. Then, TD-SCFlip-ω decoder is also proposed, which is limited to correcting up to ω bits in each extra decoding attempt. Simulation results show that the TD-SCFlip decoding is slightly better than the D-SCFlip decoding in terms of error-correction performance and decoding complexity, while the error-correction performance of TD-SCFlip-ω decoding is comparable to that of D-SCFlip-ω decoding but with lower decoding complexity.

  • Analog-Circuit Domain Cancellation with Optimal Feedback Path Selection on Full-Duplex Relay Systems

    Hayato FUKUZONO  Keita KURIYAMA  Masafumi YOSHIOKA  Toshifumi MIYAGI  Takeshi ONIZAWA  

     
    PAPER-Wireless Communication Technologies

      Pubricized:
    2022/11/11
      Vol:
    E106-B No:5
      Page(s):
    470-477

    This paper proposes a scheme that reduces residual self-interference significantly in the analog-circuit domain on wireless full-duplex relay systems. Full-duplex relay systems utilize the same time and frequency resources for transmission and reception at the relay node to improve spectral efficiency. Our proposed scheme measures multiple responses of the feedback path by changing the direction of the main beam of the transmitter at the relay, and then selecting the optimal direction that minimizes the residual self-interference. Analytical residual self-interference is derived as the criterion to select the optimal direction. In addition, this paper considers the target of residual self-interference power before the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) dependent on the dynamic range in the analog-circuit domain. Analytical probability that the residual interference exceeds the target is derived to help in determining the number of measured responses of the feedback path. Computer simulations validate the analytical results, and show that in particular, the proposed scheme with ten candidates improves the residual self-interference by approximately 6dB at the probability of 0.01 that the residual self-interference exceeds target power compared with a conventional scheme with the feedback path modeled as Rayleigh fading.

  • Joint Transmission Null Beamforming for MIMO Full-Duplex Wireless Communication System

    Kotaro NAGANO  Masahiro KAWANO  Yuhei NAGAO  Hiroshi OCHI  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2022/09/15
      Vol:
    E106-A No:3
      Page(s):
    456-463

    Cancellation of self interference (SI) is an important technology in order for wireless communication system devices to perform full-duplex communication. In this paper, we propose a novel self-interference cancellation using null beamforming to be applied entire IEEE 802.11 frame including the legacy part for full-duplex wireless communication on Cooperative MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). We evaluate the SI cancellation amount by the proposed method using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and software defined radio (SDR), and show the experimental results. In the experiment, it is confirmed that the amount of SI cancellation by the proposed method was at least 18dB. The SI cancellation amount can be further potentiated with more accurate CSI (channel state information) by increasing the transmission power. It is shown that SI can be suppressed whole frame which includes legacy preamble part. The proposed method can be applied to next generation wireless communication standards as well.

  • Edge Computing-Enhanced Network Redundancy Elimination for Connected Cars

    Masahiro YOSHIDA  Koya MORI  Tomohiro INOUE  Hiroyuki TANAKA  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2022/05/27
      Vol:
    E105-B No:11
      Page(s):
    1372-1379

    Connected cars generate a huge amount of Internet of Things (IoT) sensor information called Controller Area Network (CAN) data. Recently, there is growing interest in collecting CAN data from connected cars in a cloud system to enable life-critical use cases such as safe driving support. Although each CAN data packet is very small, a connected car generates thousands of CAN data packets per second. Therefore, real-time CAN data collection from connected cars in a cloud system is one of the most challenging problems in the current IoT. In this paper, we propose an Edge computing-enhanced network Redundancy Elimination service (EdgeRE) for CAN data collection. In developing EdgeRE, we designed a CAN data compression architecture that combines in-vehicle computers, edge datacenters and a public cloud system. EdgeRE includes the idea of hierarchical data compression and dynamic data buffering at edge datacenters for real-time CAN data collection. Across a wide range of field tests with connected cars and an edge computing testbed, we show that the EdgeRE reduces bandwidth usage by 88% and the number of packets by 99%.

  • An SDN-Based Moving Target Defense as a Countermeasure to Prevent Network Scans Open Access

    Shoya CHIBA  Luis GUILLEN  Satoru IZUMI  Toru ABE  Takuo SUGANUMA  

     
    PAPER

      Pubricized:
    2022/05/27
      Vol:
    E105-B No:11
      Page(s):
    1400-1407

    This paper proposes a Software-Defined Network (SDN)-based Moving Target Defense (MTD) to protect the network from potential scans in a compromised network. As a unique feature, contrary to traditional MTDs, the proposed MTD can work alongside other tools and countermeasures already deployed in the network (e.g., Intrusion Protection and Detection Systems) without affecting its behavior. Through extensive evaluation, we showed the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism compared to existing solutions in preventing scans of different rates without affecting the network and controller performance.

  • Strengthening Network-Based Moving Target Defense with Disposable Identifiers

    Taekeun PARK  Keewon KIM  

     
    LETTER-Information Network

      Pubricized:
    2022/07/08
      Vol:
    E105-D No:10
      Page(s):
    1799-1802

    In this paper, we propose a scheme to strengthen network-based moving target defense with disposable identifiers. The main idea is to change disposable identifiers for each packet to maximize unpredictability with large hopping space and substantially high hopping frequency. It allows network-based moving target defense to defeat active scanning, passive scanning, and passive host profiling attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme changes disposable identifiers for each packet while requiring low overhead.

  • Evaluation and Test of Production Defects in Hardened Latches

    Ruijun MA  Stefan HOLST  Xiaoqing WEN  Aibin YAN  Hui XU  

     
    PAPER-Dependable Computing

      Pubricized:
    2022/02/07
      Vol:
    E105-D No:5
      Page(s):
    996-1009

    As modern CMOS circuits fabricated with advanced technology nodes are becoming more and more susceptible to soft-errors, many hardened latches have been proposed for reliable LSI designs. We reveal for the first time that production defects in such hardened latches can cause two serious problems: (1) these production defects are difficult to detect with conventional scan test and (2) these production defects can reduce the reliability of hardened latches. This paper systematically addresses these two problems with three major contributions: (1) Post-Test Vulnerability Factor (PTVF), a first-of-its-kind metric for quantifying the impact of production defects on hardened latches, (2) a novel Scan-Test-Aware Hardened Latch (STAHL) design that has the highest defect coverage compared to state-of-the-art hardened latch designs, and (3) an STAHL-based scan test procedure. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed PTVF metric and the effectiveness of the STAHL-based scan test. As the first comprehensive study bridging the gap between hardened latch design and LSI testing, the findings of this paper will significantly improve the soft-error-related reliability of LSI designs for safety-critical applications.

1-20hit(742hit)