In this paper the time-domain analysis of two parallel traces is investigated. First, the telegrapher's equations for transmission line are applied to the parallel traces on printed circuit board (PCB), and are solved by using the mode decomposition technique. The time-domain solutions are then obtained by using the inverse Laplace transform. Although the Fourier-transform technique is also applicable for this problem, the solution is given numerically. Contrarily, the inverse Laplace transform successfully leads to an analytical expression for the transmission characteristics. The analytical expression is represented by series, which clearly explains the coupling mechanism. The analytical expression for the fundamental section of a meander delay line is investigated in detail. The analytical solution is validated by measurements, and the characteristics of the distortions in the output waveforms of meander delay lines due to the crosstalk are also investigated.

A new H.264 fast inter-mode decision algorithm based on coded block patterns is presented. Compared to the exhaustive mode search, the proposed method achieves an average 57 % reduction in computation time with negligible degradation in visual quality. The speed and rate-distortion performance is comparable to known fast algorithms that involve more elaborate mechanisms.

This paper presents a system architecture for sensor signal digitization utilizing a band-pass sigma-delta modulator (BP ΣΔM). The first version of the proposed system architecture was implemented in 5 V 0.7 µm CMOS technology. The proposed system architecture is useful for our capacitive pressure sensor measurement. The paper describes the possibilities of using the proposed enhanced system architecture in impedance spectroscopy and in capacitive pressure sensor measurement. The BP ΣΔM is well suited for wireless applications. This paper shows another way how to use its advantages.

Distributed video coding (DVC) technology has been considered to be capable of reducing the processing complexity of the encoder immensely, while majority of the computational overheads are taken over by the decoder. In the common DVC framework, the pictures are decoded using the Wyner-Ziv encoded bit stream received from the encoder and the side information estimated using previously decoded information. As a result, accuracy of the side information estimation is very critical in improving the coding efficiency. In this paper we propose a novel side information refinement technique for DVC using multiple side information streams and sequential motion compensation with luminance and chrominance information involving iterative fusion of parallel information streams. In the bit plane wise coding architecture, previously decoded higher order bit planes are incrementally used to perform the motion estimation jointly in luminance and chrominance spaces to estimate multiple redundant bit streams for iterative fusion to produce more improved side information for subsequent bit planes. Simulation results show significant objective quality gain can be achieved at the same bit rate by utilizing the proposed refinement algorithms.

To reduce RFID tag identification delay, we propose a novel Dynamic Splitting protocol (DS) which is an improvement of the Query tree protocol (QT). DS controls the number of branches of a tree dynamically. An improved performance of DS relative to QT is verified by analytical results and simulation studies.

Vector Coding (VC) is a novel vector modulation scheme that partitions a SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) channel into orthogonal subchannels by singular value decomposition (SVD). Because the orthogonal transmissions enabled by VC cannot cope with inter block interference (IBI) that is inevitable in delay spread channels, this paper proposes an IBI cancelling demodulator which can remove IBI by an iterative technique. We also show that code elimination in which insignificant eigencodes with lowermost eigenvalues are intentionally removed from transmission vectors greatly reduces BER (Bit Error Rate). The VC which utilizes the IBI cancelling demodulator and code elimination to reduce BER is compared with the original VC in not only delay spread SISO channels but also delay spread MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) channels while emphasis is placed on the MIMO cases. Simulation results show that, under a predetermined BER, the enhanced MIMO-VC can improve effective transmission rate than the natural extension of VC to delay spread MIMO channels.

Recent progress in scaled CMOS technologies can enhance signal bandwidth and clock frequency of analog-digital mixed VLSIs. However, the inevitable reduction of supply voltage causes a signal voltage mismatch between a non-scaled analog chip and a scaled A-D mixed chip. To overcome this problem, we present a Delta-Amplifier (DeltAMP) which can handle larger signal amplitude than the supply voltage. DeltaAMP folds a delta signal of an input voltage within a window using a virtual ground amplifier, modulation switches and comparators. For reconstruction of the folded delta signal to the ordinal signal, Analog-Time-Digital conversion (ATD) was also proposed, in which pulse-width analog information obtained at the comparators in DeltAMP was converted to a digital signal by counting. A test chip of DeltAMP with ATD was designed and fabricated using a 90 nm CMOS technology. A 2 Vpp input voltage range and 50 µW power consumption were achieved by the measurements with a 0.5 V supply. High accuracy of 62 dB SNR was obtained at signal bandwidth of 120 kHz.

This paper proposes a frequency domain nulling filter and Turbo equalizer to suppress interference in the uplink of one-cell reuse single-carrier time division multiple access (TDMA) systems. In the proposed system, the desired signal in a reference cell is interfered by interference signals including adjacent-channel interference (ACI), co-channel interference (CCI), and intersymbol interference (ISI). At the transmitter, after a certain amount of spectrum is nulled considering the expected CCI, the suppressed power due to nulling is reallocated to the remaining spectrum components so as to keep the total transmit power constant. In this process, when mitigation of ACI is necessary, after a certain amount of spectrum at both edges is nulled using an edge-removal filter, the aforementioned process is conducted. At the receiver, frequency domain SC/MMSE Turbo equalizer (FDTE) is employed to suppress ISI due to spectrum nulling process in the transmitter as well as the multipath fading. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed scheme is effective in suppression of CCI, ACI and ISI in one-cell reuse single-carrier TDMA systems.

We analyze the performance of an opportunistic transmission strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We consider a transmission strategy called Binary Decision-Based Transmission (BDT), which is a common form of opportunistic transmission. The BDT scheme initiates transmission only when the channel quality exceeds the optimum threshold to avoid unsuccessful transmissions that waste energy. We formulate the Markov Decision Process (MDP) to identify an optimum threshold for transmission decisions in the BDT scheme.

We propose a sketch-based modeling system where all user input is performed from a unique viewpoint. The strokes drawn by the user must not then be restricted to the drawing plane: their orientation in the 3D space is automatically determined by the system. The desired surface is reconstructed from a grid made of two groups of similar lines, that are considered co-planar. The orientation of the two sets of planes is determined by assuming that at the intersection of a representative line of each group, those two lines are perpendicular.

A novel adaptive reputation-based virtual organization formation is proposed. It restrains the bad performers effectively based on the consideration of the global experience of the evaluator and evaluates the direct trust relation between two grid nodes accurately by consulting the previous trust value rationally. It also consults and improves the reputation evaluation process in PathTrust model by taking account of the inter-organizational trust relationship and combines it with direct and recommended trust in a weighted way, which makes the algorithm more robust against collusion attacks. Additionally, the proposed algorithm considers the perspective of the VO creator and takes required VO services as one of the most important fine-grained evaluation criterion, which makes the algorithm more suitable for constructing VOs in grid environments that include autonomous organizations. Simulation results show that our algorithm restrains the bad performers and resists against fake transaction attacks and badmouth attacks effectively. It provides a clear advantage in the design of a VO infrastructure.

This paper introduces our proposed pre-FFT type MMSE-AAA for an OFDM packet transmission system to suppress sporadic interference. The AAA scheme controls an antenna weight to minimize the mean square error between its output signals of two periods with identical transmitted waveform and iterates the weight updating process in an OFDM symbol to rapidly converge the weight. The average PER performance of the proposed AAA with the presence of a sporadic inter-system/intra-system interference signal is evaluated through computer simulations that assume an exponentially decaying 12-path LOS fading channel and IEEE 802.11a data frame transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed AAA can effectively suppress sporadic inter-system interference that is irrelevant to its arrival timing. Sporadic intra-system interference can also be suppressed by the proposed AAA more efficiently than inter-system interference as long as the interference arrives between 13% and 90% of the OFDM symbol duration after the beginning of an OFDM symbol of the desired signal.

In recent years, with the rapid growth of the Internet as well as the increasing demand for broadband services, live pay-television broadcasting via the Internet has become a promising business. To get this implemented, it is necessary to protect distributed contents from illegal copying and redistributing after they are accessed. Fingerprinting system is a useful tool for it. This paper shows that the anti-collusion code has advantages over other existing fingerprinting codes in terms of efficiency and effectivity for live pay-television broadcasting. Next, this paper presents how to achieve efficient and effective anti-collusion codes based on unital and affine plane, which are two known examples of balanced incomplete block design (BIBD). Meanwhile, performance evaluations of anti-collusion codes generated from unital and affine plane are conducted. Their practical explicit constructions are given last.

This letter deals with coding and multiplexing strategies for DL/UL MAP transmission in IEEE 802.16m. Separate coding gives a better choice against the joint coding due to the individual users' link adaptation gain. As a multiplexing option, frequency-domain multiplexing outperforms time-domain one in the system-level performance thanks to its flexible power sharing capability between overhead channels and user traffic channels. Overall system-wide performance results are presented with the system level simulation for the various options.

A Recessed-Channel Dual-Gate Single Electron Transistor (RCDG-SET) which has the possibility of room temperature operation is proposed. Side gates of a RCDG-SET form electrical tunneling barriers around a recessed channel, which is newly introduced. Not only gate but also a recessed channel is self aligned to source and drain. Characteristics of a RCDG-SET are compared with those of previous DG-SETs through device simulation (SILVACO). Due to a recessed channel and a self aligned structure, MOSFET current which causes low Peak-to-Valley Current Ratio (PVCR) is suppressed. This property of a RCDG-SET is expected to contribute for room temperature operation.

To solve the problem of distributed multisensor fusion, the optimal linear methods can be used in Gaussian noise models. In practice, channel noise distributions are usually non-Gaussian, possibly heavy-tailed, making linear methods fail. By combining a classical tool of optimal linear fusion and a robust statistical method, the two-stage MAD robust fusion (MADRF) algorithm is proposed. It effectively performs both in symmetrically and asymmetrically contaminated Gaussian channel noise with contamination parameters varying over a wide range.

This paper proposes the use of inter-cell transmission power control (TPC) with overload indicator (OLI) signaling to user equipment (UE) in addition to intra-cell TPC for the Evolved UTRA uplink. In the proposed inter-cell OLI transmission method, a cell site (Node B) selects UEs offering high-level interferences to the cell site based on the measured path loss difference, and then, the cell site transmits the OLI signal to the selected UEs. The simulation results show that the inter-cell TPC improves both the average user throughput and cell-edge user throughput at 5% in the cumulative distribution function (CDF) curve, assuming the same sector throughput. For instance, when the sector throughput is 1 Mbps using 1.08 MHz bandwidth, the inter-cell TPC with the proposed UE-common OLI scheme increases the average user throughput and the 5%-cell edge user throughput by approximately 41% and 53%, respectively, compared to the case with intra-cell TPC only. Furthermore, when the inter-cell TPC with the proposed UE-individual OLI is employed, the corresponding average user throughput and the 5% user throughput are increased by approximately 87% and 94%, respectively.

Dimensionality reduction is one of the important preprocessing steps in practical pattern recognition. SEmi-supervised Local Fisher discriminant analysis (SELF)--which is a semi-supervised and local extension of Fisher discriminant analysis--was shown to work excellently in experiments. However, when data dimensionality is very high, a naive use of SELF is prohibitive due to high computational costs and large memory requirement. In this paper, we introduce computational tricks for making SELF applicable to large-scale problems.

We analyze the carrier dynamics in MOSFETs under low-voltage operation. For this purpose the displacement (charging/discharging) current, induced during switching operations is studied experimentally and theoretically for a 90 nm CMOS technology. It is found that the experimental transient characteristics can only be well reproduced in the circuit simulation of low voltage applications by considering the carrier-transit delay in the compact MOSFET model. Long carrier transit delay under the low voltage switching-on operation results in long duration of the displacement current flow. On the other hand, the switching-off characteristics are independent of the bias condition.

We have proposed a terahertz (THz) emitter utilizing two-dimensional plasmons (2DPs) in a super-grating dual-gate (SGG) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The plasmon under each grating gate has a unique feature that its resonant frequency is determined by the plasma-wave velocity over the gate length. Since the drain bias voltage causes a linear potential slope from the source to drain area, the sheet electron densities in periodically distributed 2DP cavities are dispersed. As a result, all the resonant frequencies are dispersed and undesirable spectral broadening occurs. A SGG structure can compensate for the sheet electron density distribution by modulating the grating dimension. The finite difference time domain simulation confirms its spectral narrowing effect. Within a wide detuning range for the gate and drain bias voltages giving a frequency shifting of 0.5 THz from an optimum condition, the SGG structure can preserve the spectral narrowing effect.