In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for calculating the exact poles of the admittance matrix of RLCG interconnects. After choosing dominant poles and corresponding residues, each element of the exact admittance matrix is approximated by partial fraction. A procedure to obtain the residues that guarantee the passivity is also provided, based on experimental studies. In the procedure the residues are calculated by using the least squares method so that the partial fraction matches each element of the exact admittance matrix in the frequency-domain. From the partial fraction representation, the asymptotic equivalent circuit models which can be easily simulated with SPICE are synthesized. It is shown that an efficient model-order reduction is possible for short-length interconnects.

In this letter, we propose a low-complexity estimation method of cyclic-prefix (CP) length for a discrete multitone (DMT) very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) system. Using the sign bits of the received DMT VDSL signals, the proposed method provides a good estimate of CP length, which is suitable for various channel characteristics. This simple estimation method is consistent with the initialization procedure of T1E1.4 multi-carrier modulation (MCM)-based VDSL Standard. Finally, simulation results with VDSL test loops are presented.

We propose a sea surveillance system that automatically detects intruding objects in the sea. The difficulty with an automatic system is detecting objects such as moving boats while reducing false positives caused by some waves and reflections in the sea. A false positive is reporting an object which doesn't actually exist, while a false negative is a failure in detecting an intruding object. Firstly, we identify factors of false positives. Secondly, we propose a new surveillance system considering these factors. Our proposed system combines three detecting methods. The first method is detection of Differences between Surveillance images and Flapping Reference images (DSFR). The second method is detection of Contours from Averaging images (CA). The third method is Silhouette object Detection (SD). The combination of DSFR and CA detects various moving objects under normal light conditions, while SD detects objects under backlight conditions. Finally we apply our proposed method to actual situations. Our proposed method detected boats while reducing false positives effectively.

This letter presents a speech watermarking scheme that is combined with CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction) speech coding for speech authentication. The excitation codebook of CELP is partitioned into three parts and labeled '0', '1' and 'any' according to the private key. Watermark embedding process chooses the codebook whose label is the same as the watermark bit and combines it with the codebook labeled 'any' for CELP coding. A statistical method is employed to detect the watermark, and the watermark length for authentication and detection threshold are determined by false alarm probability and missed detection probability. The new codebook partition technique produces less distortion, and the statistical detection method guarantees that the error probability can be controlled under prescribed level.

Video telephone service (VTS) is considered one of promising services provided in wideband CDMA (WCDMA) networks. Without a designated call admission policy, VTS calls are expected to suffer from relatively high probability of blocking since they normally have more stringent signal quality requirement than ordinary voice calls. In this letter, we consider a prioritized call admission design in order to reduce the blocking probability of VTS calls, which may encourage the users to access the newly-provided VTS in a more comfortable way. The VTS calls are given a priority by reserving a number of channel-processing equipments. With the reservation, the blocking probability of prioritized VTS calls can be reduced evidently. That of ordinary calls, however, is increasing instead. This letter provides a system model that counts the blocking probabilities of VTS and ordinary calls simultaneously, and numerically examines an adequate level of the prioritization for VTS calls. The results show that the prioritization level should be selected depending on received interference as well as bandwidth required for VTS.

An audio signal level compressor is presented, which is based on the approximation algorithm using an interpolating polynomial. To implement a compression characteristic in a digital audio system, a power calculation with fractional numbers is required and it is difficult to be performed directly in digital circuits. We introduce a polynomial expression to approximate the power operation, then the gain calculation is easily performed with a number of additions, multiplications and a division. Newton's interpolation formula is used to calculate the compression characteristics in a very short time and the obtained compression characteristics are very close to the ideal ones.

We have fabricated a multilayer structure for single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit application using a high-temperature superconductor (HTS). La0.2-Y0.9Ba1.9Cu3Ox (La-YBCO) base electrode layers were prepared by a dc or rf magnetron sputtering method. The reproducibility of film quality for dc-sputtered La-YBCO films was better than that for rf-sputtered films, and the dc sputtered films exhibited the average surface roughness Ra less than 1.0 nm and a Tc zero value of 88 K. By using the dc-sputtered La-YBCO films, a multilayer structure of SrSnO3/La-YBCO/SrSnO3/La-YBCO on MgO substrate with Ra below 2.0 nm was obtained. Interface-modified ramp-edge junctions with La0.2-Yb0.9Ba1.9Cu3Ox (La-YbBCO) counter electrodes have been fabricated by using this multilayer structure with dc-sputtered films. The fabricated junctions exhibited RSJ-type I-V characteristics with IcRn products of about 3 mV at 4.2 K. We also obtained a 1-σ Ic spread of 8% for a 1000-junction series-array. The sheet inductance values at 4.2 K for the base and counter electrodes on La-YBCO ground planes were 0.8 pH and 0.7 pH per square, respectively. Operation of several types of elementary SFQ circuits has been successfully demonstrated by using this multilayer structure.

The High Tc SQUID was used in an unshielded environment to make eddy current nondestructive testing measurement on a multi-layer aluminum structure. As a demonstration of their capabilities, subsurface defects in a multilayer aluminum structure have been located and mapped using phase shift with no magnetic shielding around the specimen.

An active shield circuit which effectively reduces the substrate noise on the entire area inside the guard ring regardless of the noise source position is proposed. Simulation result shows that the proposed circuit can reduce the noise level to -85 dB while a conventional guard ring gives -52 dB.

An intermediate frequency (IF) variable gain amplifier (VGA) with exponential gain control for a radio receiver is fabricated in 0.25-µm CMOS technology. The techniques to improve the bandwidth and to reduce temperature dependence of gain are described. The complete VGA is composed of two stages of linearized transconductance VGA and three stages of fixed gain amplifier (FGA). The complete VGA provides a continuous 10 dB to 76.5 dB gain control range, an IIP3 of -11.5 dBm and an NF of 15 dB at 40 MHz.

The paper first researches the properties of neural networks in the framework of the dual linear programming theory, then discusses the variation range of a Hessian matrix associated to dual linear programming problems. By means of eigenvalues method, a Lipschitz constant based formula for determining the algorithm step-size is presented. Two examples are given to show that the proposed formula is efficacious.

A noise reduction technique to reduce background noise in noisy speech is proposed. We have proposed the noise reduction method which uses a noise reconstruction system. However, since a residual speech signal is included in the input signal of a noise reconstruction filter (NRF) used for reconstructing the background noise, the long time average value of error signal for estimating the background noise is needed not to estimate the speech signal. Therefore, the ability of tracking the non-stationary noise is decreased. In order to solve this problem, we propose the noise reconstruction system with adaptive line enhancer (ALE). Since ALE works to obtain the signal occupied by noise components, the input signal of the NRF includes only a few speech components. Therefore, we can give the high tracking ability to NRF.

Bandpass sampling algorithm is effectively adopted to obtain the digital signal with significantly reduced sampling rate for a single radio frequency(RF) signal. In order to apply the concept to multiple RF signals, we propose bandpass sampling algorithms with the normal and the inverse placements since we are interested in uniform order of the spectrum in digital domain after bandpass sampling. In addition, we verify the propose algorithms with generalized equation forms for the multiple RF signals.

Projection-based model reductions become a necessity for efficient interconnect modeling and simulations. In order to choose the order of the reduced system that can really reflect the essential dynamics of the original interconnect, the residual error of the transfer function can be considered as a stopping criteria to terminate the Arnoldi iteration process. Analytical expressions of this residual error are derived in detail. Furthermore, it can be found that the approximate transfer function can also be expressed as the original interconnect model with some additive perturbations. The perturbation matrix only involves resultant vectors at the previous step of the Arnoldi algorithm. These error information will provide a guideline for the order selection scheme used in the Krylov subspace model-order algorithm.

This paper presents a novel method to speed up neural network (NN) based face detection systems. NN-based face detection can be viewed as a classification and search problem. The proposed method formulates the face search problem as an integer nonlinear optimization problem (INLP) and expands the basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) to handle it. PSO works with a population of particles, each representing a subwindow in an input image. The subwindows are evaluated by how well they match a NN based face filter. A face is indicated when the filter response of the best particle is above a given threshold. Experiments on a set of 42 test images show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the effect of PSO parameter settings on the search performance was investigated.

This paper proposes a novel auto-reset forward DC-DC converter with inductor-switching technique to obtain the high performance by means of zero voltage switching and the fast transient response at steep load variations. The performance of the forward converter is strongly depending on the transformer reset-method. The Auto-reset method is used to recover the energy stored in leakage inductances of the transformer to the power supply and makes sure the zero voltage switching. Furthermore fast transient response is achieved by applying the inductor-switching technique, which keeps the output voltage constant in case of heavy burden load changes. The design of the proposed concept is verified by experiment of 12 V input and 1.8 V/12 A output.

This paper describes a new probabilistic sentence reduction method using maximum entropy model. In contrast to previous methods, the proposed method has the ability to produce multiple best results for a given sentence, which is useful in text summarization applications. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves on earlier methods in both accuracy and computation time.

This paper presents a new conic section extraction approach that can extract all conic sections (lines, circles, ellipses, parabolas and hyperbolas) simultaneously. This approach is faster than the conventional approaches with a computational complexity that is O(n), where n is the number of edge pixels, and is robust in the presence of moderate levels of noise. It has been combined with a classification tree to produce an offline character recognition system that is invariant to scale, rotation, and translation. The system was tested with synthetic images and with images scanned from real world sources with good results.

This paper proposes a new controlling technique of asynchronous sigma delta modulation with characteristic of one-cycle response. This technique can reject power source perturbations in one cycle period and reduce the peaks of harmonic with one side random hysteresis technique. The proposed method was analyzed, designed, and experimented in a full bridge inverter. The distortion of output voltage and the harmonic peaks were used to measure the performance of the proposed technique. The experimental results show that the proposed technique can reduce the peak of harmonic up to 0.42 p.u and the harmonic distortion 5.9% at the ripple of 20% of power source when comparing with convention asynchronous sigma delta modulation.

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive processing algorithm that is based on the extended least squares (ELS) method with running spectrum filtering (RSF). By utilizing the different characteristics of running spectra between speech signals and noise signals, RSF can retain speech characteristics while noise is effectively reduced. Then, by using ELS, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) parameters can be estimated accurately. In experiments on real speech contaminated by white Gaussian noise and factory noise, we found that the method we propose offered spectrum estimates that were robust against additive noise.