We studied the application of precursor solutions that can be fired into oxides to form a protective layer for AC-type Plasma Display Panel (AC-PDP). Our study of alkoxide and metallic soap as MgO precursors revealed that the crystallinity of MgO films depends on the starting substance. Since the electric discharge characteristics of a panel and the lamination effect of the protective layer depend on precursors, it was confirmed that binders having higher crystallinity provide better characteristics. Our study revealed that a compound-oxide film has high crystallinity. The application of a Ba0.6Sr0.4Gd2O4 formation solution to a binder and the application of a Sr0.6Mg0.4Gd2O4 formation solution to a protective layer both are seemed promising We also found that a double-layer film, made by forming a protective layer of fine MgO powder and a Ba0.6Sr0.4Gd2O4 binder, on top of a protective layer made of fine MgO powder and a MgO binder, provides a luminous efficiency 5.3 times higher than that of sputtered MgO film which is one of candidates for the large panel, and the conventional electron beam evaporation is not suitable for the large panel. We further found that a triple-layer protective film made by forming a thin film of Sr0.6Mg0.4Gd2O4 provides low voltages of 1 V in firing voltage (Vf) and 35 V in sustaining voltage (Vs) compared to the double-layer film and provides a luminous efficiency 5.5 times higher than that of sputtered MgO film. A life test revealed the triple-layer film in particular providing a useful life of more than 10,000 hours. From these findings, we concluded that the compound-oxides which is composed of alkaline-earth-metal and rare-earth-element could be applied effectively to a protective layer for AC-PDP.

For high frequency video signals, display monitors for personal computers are required to shift from the horizontal scanning frequency fH=15.75 kHz for conventional TV broadcasting to fH=64 to 80 kHz, which is called XGA. Shifting to high frequencies and restrictions on the withstand voltage of horizontal transistors decrease the inductance of deflection yokes, which is an obstacle in manufacturing deflection yokes. A study was undertaken on an operation to permit deflection/high voltage integrated operation while keeping the inductance of the deflection yoke high. This paper reports the results.

Time-domain characteristics of the signal of an open-loop fiber optic gyroscope were analyzed. The waveform moments of the gyroscope signal were dependent upon the rotation-induced Sagnac phase, just as the signal frequency spectra are. The peak positions of the time signal also varied with the supplied rotation, and the Sagnac phase could be read out, with optimum sensitivity, from the intervals between peaks. To demonstrate the time-domain measurement technique, the gyroscope signal was transferred to lower frequencies and the signal period was lengthened. This equivalent-time scheme lowered the operational speed requirement on the signal processing electronics and improved measurement resolution.

In this paper, we propose a new design algorithm for nearly linear phase IIR digital filters with prescribed log magnitude response. The error function used here is the sum of the weighted log magnitude-squared error and phase -squared error, and so it is possible to control log magnitude and phase response directly. The gradient vector of the proposed error function is easily calculated as the closed form solution because of its nature, in which the real and imaginary part of the logarithm of a complex transfer transfer function corresponds to the log magnitude and phase response, respectively. This algorithm is simple and converges quickly. Finally, we show the validity of the proposed algorithm with some examples.

A new prediction method for the effective address is presented. This method works with the buffer named the address prediction buffer, and allows the data cache to be accessed speculatively. As a consequence of the trend toward increasing clock frequency, the internal cache is no longer able to fill the speed gap between the processor and the external memory, and the data cache latency degrades the processor performance. In order to hide this latency, the prediction method is proposed. By this method, the load address is predicted, and the data is fetched earlier than the memory access stage. In the case that the prediction is correct, the latency is hidden. Even if the prediction is incorrect, the performance is not degraded by any miss penalties. We have found that the prediction accuracy is 81.9% on average, and thus the performance is improved by 6.6% on average and a maximum of 12.1% for the integer programs.

The printed dipole on a semi-infinite substrate is investigated. The solution is based on the moment method in the Fourier transform domain. We analyze far-field and near-field radiation patterns for a printed dipole. Therefore, we make radiation fields clear.

A minimal siphon (or alternatively a structural deadlock) of a Petri net is defined as a minimal set S of places such that existence of any edge from a transition t to a place of S implies that there is an edge from some place of S to t. The subject of the paper is to find a minimal siphon containing a given set of specified places of a general Petri net.

In this paper, we propose the distributed stable marriage problem and apply it to planning for cooperative works of autonomous mobile robots and battery charger stations. We develop and analyze a distributed algorithm to determine the partner by message communication.

This paper concerns a Petri-net-based model for describing reactive and concurrent systems. Although many high-level Petri nets have been proposed, they are insufficiently practical to describe reactive and concurrent systems in the detail modeling, design and implementation phases. They are mainly intended to describe concurrent systems in the rough modeling phase and lack in several important features (e.g., concurrent tasks, task communication/synchronization, I/O interface, task scheduling) which the most actual implementations of reactive and concurrent systems have. Therefore it is impossible to simulate and analyze the systems accurately without explicitly modeling these features. On the other hand, programming languages based on Petri nets are deeply dependent on their execution environments and not sophisticated as modeling and specification languages. This paper proposes MENDEL net which is a high-level Petri net extended by incorporating concurrent tasks, task communication/synchronization, I/O interface, and task scheduling in a sophisticated manner. MENDEL nets are a wide-spectrum modeling language, that is, they are suitable for not only modeling but also designing and implementing reactive and concurrent systems.

A Si single electron transistor (SET) was fabricated by converting a one-dimensional Si wire on a SIMOX substrate into a small Si island with a tunneling barrier at each end by means of pattern-dependent oxidation. Since the size of the Si island was as small as around 10 nm owing to this novel technique, the total capacitance of the SET was reduced to a value on the order of 1 aF, which guarantees the conductance oscillation of the SET even at room temperature. Furthermore, a linear relation between the designed wire length and the gate capacitance of SETs was obtained, which clearly indicates that the single island was actually formed in the middle of the one dimensional Si wire. These results were achieved owing to the highly reproducible fabrication process based on pattern dependent oxidation of SIMOX-Si layers. In addition, the fluctuation of the electrical characteristics of the SETs Was studied in relation to the wire size fluctuations. It was found that the fluctuatian is caused predominantly by the roughness of the sidewall surface of the resist pattern.

Let SeH{0}(k) [NSeH{0}(k)] denote the class of languages over a one-letter alphabet accepted by two-way sensing deterministic [nondeterministic] k-head finite automata. This paper shows that (i) SeH{0}(2)SeH{0}(3), and (ii) NSeH{0}(2) NSeH{0}(3). This gives an affirmative answer to an open problem in Ref. [3].

This paper discusses our newly developed technology for making GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs Tetrahedral-Shaped Recess (TSR) quantum dots. The heterostructures were grown by low-pressure MOVPE in tetrahedral-shaped recesses created on a (111) B oriented GaAs substrate using anisotropic chemical etching. We examined these structures by using cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements, and observed lower energy emissions from the bottoms of, and higher energy emissions from the walls of the TSRs. This suggests carrier confinement at the bottoms with the lowest potential energy. We carried out microanlaysis of the structures by using TEM and EDX, and found an In-rich region that had grown vertically from the bottom of the TSR with a (111)B-like bond configuration. We also measured a smaller diamagnetic shift of the lower energy photoluminecscence (PL) peak in the structure. Based on these results, we have concluded that the quantum dots are formed at the bottoms of TSRs, mainly because of the dependence of InAs composition on the local crystalline structure in this system. We also studied the lateral distribution and vertical alignment of TSR quantum dots by CL and PL measurements respectively. The advantages of TSR quantum dot technology can be summarized as follows: (i) better control in dot positioning in the lateral direction, (ii) realization of dot sizes exceeding limitations posed by lithography, (iii) high uniformity of dot size, and (iv) vertical alignment of quantum dots.

This paper is concerned with a point-oriented finite volume time domain (FVTD) method in the Cartesian coordinate system and its application to the analysis of electro-magnetic wave propagation in a bended waveguide as well as radiation from and receiving by a horn antenna with a flange of arbitrary angle. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is used for the absorbing boundary conditions (ABC's). The boundary conditions for a perfect conductor not well suited to the Cartesian coordinate system are also proposed. According to this algorithm, the boundary conditions are satisfied in an average fashion at the conductor surface without changing the computational scheme. In this sense, numerical computations based on the present method are simple but flexible. Numerical results show good convergence.

This paper proposes a novel Doppler frequency shift compensation technique to achieve terrestrial and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite dual mode DS/CDMA terminals robust to high Doppler shift and multipath fading. In order to satisfy the requirements of wide dynamic range and high accuracy simultaneously, the proposed scheme employs two stage compensation scheme, i.e., coarse compensation to keep dynamic range of about 100 kHz and fine compensation to satisfy its resolution of about 30 Hz, using block demodulation technique. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme can sufficiently compensate for the offset frequency up to the range of about 100 kHz at the terrestrial and LEO satellite combined mobile communication systems.

A three-terminal quantum device utilizing photon-assisted tunneling in a multilayer structure is proposed and analyzed in terms of its high frequency amplification characteristics. The operation principle of this device includes photonassisted tunneling at the input, formation of a propagating charge wave due to the beat of tunneling electrons and its acceleration, and radiation of electromagnetic waves at the output. Analysis of these operations, discussion of similarities and dissimilarities to classical klystrons, and estimation of the power gain and its frequency dependence are given. A simple example demonstrates that amplification up to the terahertz frequency range is possible using this device.

This paper proposes a method for deriving protocol specifications in a communicating processes model, in which protocol specifications are modeled by finite automata communicating through the LOTOS multirendezvous mechanism. Message sequence charts (MSCs) are used for the derivation inputs. MSCs are graphical representations of traces of protocols and are suitable for defining requirements. Since an MSC usually covers only partial behavior, several mechanisms for composing a large number of MSCs from element MSCs have been proposed. These mechanisms, however, are not adequate: Either their input language for MSCs is not powerful enough, or they need some information on protocol specifications (i.e., implementation specifications). This paper proposes the use of regular expressions over MSCs to fully define protocols. The proposed language is powerful enough to describe protocols in the communicating processes model. A derivation algorithm based on a finite automata construction algorithm that accept sets expressed by regular expressions is presented. Because the derived protocols sometimes include unrequired behavior, an algorithm for detecting unrequired behavior is also presented.

For reduction of computational complexity in the IA algorithm, the thinned-out IA algorithm in which only one step size is updated every iteration is proposed and is complementarily switched with the HA algorithm according to the convergence. The switching is determined by using the gradient of the error signal power. These are investigated through the computer simulations.

We report on the formation technique and the first observation of visible light emission from silicon nanoparticles (<10nm) embedded in CaF22 Iayers grown on Si(111) substrates by using codeposition of Si and CaF2. It is shown that the size and density of silicon particles embedded in the CaF2 layer can be controlled by varying the substrate temperature and the evaporation rates of CaF2 and Si. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si nanoparticles embedded in CaF2 thin films were investigated. The blue or green light emissions obtained using a He-Cd laser (λ=325nm) could be seen with the naked eye even at room temperature for the first time. It is shown that the PL intensity strongly depends on growth conditions such as the Si:CaF2 flux ratio and the growth temperature. The PL spectra were also changed by in situ annealing process. These phenomena can be explained qualitatively by the quantum size effect of Si nanoparticles embedded in CaF2 barriers.

The multichannel distortions of direct modulated laser diode were studied from the view point of rate equations. A novel technique for compensating the composite second order distortion (CSO) was proposed. Meanwhile, the related calibration procedures were indicated. After the compensation, 10 dB improvement in CSO was obtained

This letter proposes a map-matching method for automotive navigation systems. The proposed method utilizes the innovation of the Kalman filter algorithm and can achieve more accurate positioning than the correlation method which is generally used for the navigation systems. In this letter, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by some simulations.