We present the recovery of 2.5 Gb/s synchronous 16-point quadrature amplitude modulation data in real-time for an linewidth-times-symbol-duration ratio of 0.00048 after transmission over 1.6 km standard single mode fiber.

Over 100 Gbit/s/ch high-speed optical transmission is required to achieve the high capacity networks that can meet future demands. The coherent receiver, which is expected to yield high frequency utilization, is a promising means of achieving such high-speed transmission. However, it requires a high-speed Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) because the received signal bandwidth would be over several tens or hundreds of GHz. To solve this problem, we propose a band-divided receiver structure for wideband optical signals. In the receiver, received wideband signals are divided into a number of narrow band signals without any guard band. We develop a band-divided receiver prototype and evaluate it in an experiment. In addition, we develop a real-time OFDM demodulator on an FPGA board that implements 1.5 GS/s ADCs. We demonstrate that the band-divided receiver prototype with its real-time OFDM demodulator and 1.5 GS/s ADC can demodulate single polarization 12 Gbit/s OFDM signals in real-time.

We propose a polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator for synthesis of a 16 QAM signal. The generation mechanism of 16 QAM is based on an electro-optic vector digital-to-analog converter, which can generate optical multilevel signals from binary electric data sequences. A quad-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (QPMZM) used in our previous research requires precise control of electric signals or fabrication of a variable optical attenuator, which significantly raises the degree of difficulty to control electric signals or device fabrication. To overcome this difficulty, we developed the polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator, which improved the method of superposition of QPSK signals. In the polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator, two QPSK signals are output with orthogonal polarization and superposed through a polarizer. The amplitude ratio between the two QPSK signals can be precisely controlled by rotating the polarizer to arrange the 16 symbols equally. Generation of 16 QAM with 40 Gb/s and a bit error rate of 5.6910^-5 was successfully demonstrated using the polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator. This modulator has simpler configuration than the previous one, utilized a dual-polarization MZM, alleviating complicated control of electric signals.

We investigate electronic mitigation of linear and nonlinear fibre impairments and compare various digital signal processing techniques, including electronic dispersion compensation (EDC), single-channel back-propagation (SC-BP) and back-propagation with multiple channel processing (MC-BP) in a nine-channel 112 Gb/s PM-mQAM (m=4,16) WDM system, for reaches up to 6,320 km. We show that, for a sufficiently high local dispersion, SC-BP is sufficient to provide a significant performance enhancement when compared to EDC, and is adequate to achieve BER below FEC threshold. For these conditions we report that a sampling rate of two samples per symbol is sufficient for practical SC-BP, without significant penalties.

We describe a concept and realization of distance-adaptive (DA) resource allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path network (SLICE). We modify the modulation format and cross-connection bandwidth of individual fixed-bit rate optical paths to optimize performance with respect to transmission distance. The shorter paths are allocated a smaller amount of resources which allows reducing the spectrum occupied by the channel. We show in calculation a reduction in required spectral resources of more than 60% when compared to the traditional traffic allocation schemes based on ITU-T grid. The concept is verified experimentally.

A translucent wavelength switched optical network (WSON) is a cost-efficient infrastructure between opaque networks and transparent optical networks, which aims at seeking a graceful balance between network cost and service provisioning performance. In this paper, we experimentally present a resilient translucent WSON with the control of an enhanced path computation element (PCE) and extended generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) controllers. An adaptive routing and wavelength assignment scheme with the consideration of accumulated physical impairments, wavelength availabilities and regenerator allocation is experimentally demonstrated and evaluated for dynamic provisioning of lightpaths. By using two different network scenarios, we experimentally verify the feasibility of the proposed solutions in support of translucent WSON, and quantitatively evaluate the path computation latency, network blocking probability and service disruption time during end-to-end lightpath restoration. We also deeply analyze the experimental results and discuss the synchronization between the PCE and the network status. To the best of our knowledge, the most significant progress and contribution of this paper is that, for the first time, all the proposed methodologies in support of PCE/GMPLS controlled translucent WSON, including protocol extensions and related algorithms, are implemented in a network testbed and experimentally evaluated in detail, which allows verifying their feasibility and effectiveness when being potentially deployed into real translucent WSON.

A 10-Gbit/s-class ac-coupled average-detection-type burst-mode receiver (B-Rx) with an ultra fast response and a high tolerance to the long consecutive identical digits has been developed. Key features of the circuit design are the baseline-wander common-mode rejection technique and the inverted distortion technique adopted in the limiting amplifier to cope with both the fast response and the high tolerance. Our B-Rx with newly developed limiting amplifier IC achieved a settling time of less than 150 ns, a sensitivity of -29.8 dBm, and a dynamic range of 23.8 dB with a 2³¹-1 pseudo random bit sequences. Moreover, we also describe several potential B-Rx applications. We achieved better performance by applying the proposed systems to our B-Rx.

We describe a series of system measurements investigating the performance of a burst-mode or transient-suppressed (TS)-EDFA, specifically designed to reduce the impact of gain transients in dynamic optical networks. We assess the performance of this TS-EDFA in a variety of network contexts. We compare the performance of the TS-EDFA with conventional amplifiers (C-EDFAs) and show its compatibility with supplementary gain control techniques. Finally, we measure gain-transient accumulation along long links using a recirculating transmission loop and show that, for packet-transmission, the number of hops is limited by accumulated transients for a C-EDFA, but limited by accumulated noise for the TS-EDFA.

The design of an energy-efficient wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transponder is proposed and effectiveness of the proposed WDM transponder is experimentally studied. The proposed WDM transponder interworking with the link-aggregation technique possessed by a layer 2 switch can achieve power saving depending on traffic volume variations by utilizing an adaptive interface control. Monitoring methods for the link connectivity of a sleep link are also discussed.

We address the stability property of the FAST TCP congestion control algorithm. Based on a continuous-time dynamic model of the FAST TCP network, we establish that FAST TCP in itself is globally exponentially stable without any specific conditions on the congestion control parameter or the update gain. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the global exponential stability of FAST TCP.

In this paper, a robust fractional order memory polynomial pre-distorter with two novel schemes to conduct digital base-band power amplifier pre-distortion is proposed. For the first scheme, fractional order terms are included in the conventional memory polynomial containing the odd and even order polynomial terms, which is called Scheme One. The second scheme, called Scheme Two, simply replaces even order polynomial terms with fractional order polynomial terms to improve the linear performance of power amplifiers. The mathematical expressions for these two schemes are derived. The computer simulations and numerical analysis show that, compared with the conventional pre-distortion methods, 11 dB and 8.5 dB more out-of-band suppression gain can be obtained by Scheme One and Scheme Two, respectively. Corresponding FPGA realization shows that the two schemes are cost-effective in terms of hardware resources.

Quadratic congruence code (QCC)-based frequency-hopping and time-spreading (FH/TS) optical orthogonal codes (OOCs), and the corresponding expanded cardinality were recently studied to improve data throughput and code capacity. In this paper, we propose a new FH/TS two-dimensional (2-D) code using the QCC and the cubic congruence code (CCC), named as the QCC/CCC 2-D code. Additionally the expanded CCC-based 2D codes are also considered. In contrast to the conventional QCC-based 1-D and QCC-based FH/TS 2-D optical codes, our analysis indicates that the code capacity of the CCC-based 1-D and CCC-based FH/TS 2-D codes can be improved with the same code weight and length, respectively.

Networks have gotten bigger recently, and users have a more difficult time finding the information that they want. The use of mobile agents to help users effectively retrieve information has garnered a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose an agent control method for time constrained information retrieval. We pay attention to the highest past score gained by the agents and control the agents with the expectation of achieving better scores. Using computer simulations, we confirmed that our control method gave the best improvement over the whole network while reducing the overall variance. From these results, we can say that our control method improves the quality of information retrieved by the agent.

Traffic adaptive 2-level active period control has been proposed to enhance system performance in cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) employing IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) under temporal and spatial (geographical) non-uniform traffic environments. This paper proposes an adaptive method of controlling the backoff window for traffic adaptive 2-level active period control. The proposed method adjusts the size of the backoff window according to the length of the current active period, which is determined by 2-level active period control, and the time position for channel access in the active period. The results evaluated through computer simulations reveal that the proposed method can improve throughput as well as achieve high energy efficiency in cluster-based WSNs with non-uniform traffic distributions.

Mechanisms to provide QoS for IP communication have been frequently discussed recently. For example, in ITU-T and ETSI, the Next Generation Network has been discussed, and there are many reports on providing QoS for real-time services using RTP. However, in the current Internet, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a major transport-layer protocol, and many real-time services are using TCP. In this paper, we present a performance evaluation of TCP under the control of a token bucket policer, which is one of the most common policing functions, and derive a formula of TCP throughput. We also evaluate the accuracy of our model by comparing results of simulations and experiments.

For an indoor area where a target node is tracked with anchor nodes, we can calculate the priori probability density functions (pdfs) on the distances between the target and anchor nodes by using its shape, three-dimensional sizes and anchor nodes locations. We call it “the area layout information (ALI)” and apply it for two indoor target tracking methods with received signal strength indication (RSSI) assuming a square location estimation area. First, we introduce the ALI to a target tracking method which tracks a target using the weighted sum of its past-to-present locations by a simple infinite impulse response (IIR) low pass filter. Second, we show that the ALI is applicable to a target tracking method with a particle filter where the motion of the target is nonlinearly modelled. The performances of the two tracking methods are evaluated by not only computer simulations but also experiments. The results demonstrate that the use of ALI can successfully improve the location estimation performance of both target tracking methods, without huge increase of computational complexity.

We propose a mechanism called “optical plug and play” for constructing GMPLS networks automatically. It offers lower operation effort and fast network construction, and avoids misconfiguration. Optical plug and play architecture has its procedure, a link-up search mechanism for OXCs, network and node architectures to realize optical plug and play, and an LMP extension to exchange the information between nodes necessary for identifying adjacent nodes. We implement prototypes of both OXCs and routers that support the optical plug and play proposal. Simulations and experiments confirm its performance and feasibility.

These days, cheap and intelligent sensors, networked through wireless links and deployed in large numbers, provide unprecedented opportunities for monitoring and controlling homes, cities and the environment. Networked sensors also offer a broad range of applications. Localization capability is essential in most wireless sensor networks applications; for instance in environmental monitoring applications such as animal habitat monitoring, bush fire surveillance, water quality monitoring and precision agriculture, the measurement data are meaningless without accurate knowledge of where they are obtained. Localization techniques are used to determine location information by estimating the location of each sensor node. Distance measurement errors are commonly known to affect the accuracy of the estimated location; resulting in errors that may be due to inherent or environmental factors. Trilateration [1] is a well-known method for localizing nodes by using the distances to three anchor nodes; yet it performs poorly when they are many distance measurement errors. Therefore, we propose the LRD (Localization with Ratio-Distance) algorithm, which performs strongly even in the presence of many measurement errors associated with the estimated distance to anchor nodes. Simulations using the OPNET Modeler show that LRD is more accurate than trilateration.

Several task forces have been working on how to design the future Internet in a clean slate manner and mobility management is one of the key issues to be considered. However, mobility management in the future Internet is still being designed in an “all-in-one” way where all management functions are tightly kept at a single location and this results in cost inefficiency that can be an obstruction to constructing flexible systems. In this paper, we propose a new function-distributed mobility management architecture that can enable more flexible future Internet construction. Furthermore, we show the effectiveness of our proposed system via a cost analysis and computer simulation with a random walk mobility model.

A key traffic engineering problem in the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)-based network is the determination of optimal link weights. From the network operators' point of view, there are two approaches to determining a set of link weights: Start-time Optimization (SO) and Run-time Optimization (RO). We previously presented a Preventive Start-time Optimization (PSO) scheme that determines an appropriate set of link weights at start time. It can counter both unexpected network congestion and network instability and thus overcomes the drawbacks of SO and RO, respectively. The previous work adopts a preventive start-time optimization algorithm with limited candidates, named PSO-L (PSO for Limited candidates). Although PSO-L relaxes the worst-case congestion, it does not confirm the optimal worst-case performance. To pursue this optimality, this paper proposes a preventive start-time optimization algorithm with a wide range of candidates, named PSO-W (PSO for Wide-range candidates). PSO-W upgrades the objective function of SO that determines the set of link weights at start time by considering all possible single link failures; its goal is to minimize the worst-case congestion. Numerical results via simulations show that PSO-W effectively relaxes the worst-case network congestion compared to SO, while it avoids the network instability caused by the run-time changes of link weights caused by RO. At the same time, PSO-W yields performance superior to that of PSO-L.

We present the development of a VoIP quality of service (QoS) measurement system that enables operators to diagnose a QoS degradation segment. Our system uses a flow-based passive measurement method to fulfill the requirement for QoS measurement in large-scale IP networks. In particular, we adopt an access control list (ACL)-based filtering function that selects traffic to monitor and develop a function for correlating signals and media data records. This correlation function is required to dynamically configure ACL-based filtering for monitoring media streams whose port numbers are determined by a signaling protocol. To improve the scalability of existing measurement systems, we also develop a hardware-based filtering engine on a commercial switch as well as a mediation box that performs QoS calculation based on traffic records exported by the engine in a distributed manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the measurement system by evaluating a prototype system.

Two designs of wideband compact MIMO antenna using printed dipoles are proposed in this paper. One is a three-port orthogonal polarization antenna and the other is a cube-six-port antenna. Measured results for the antennas show that they resonate at 2.6 GHz and support a bandwidth of over 400 MHz. The worst mutual coupling for the three-port orthogonal polarization antenna is kept under -20 dB whereas that level of the cube-six-port antenna is -18 dB. A number of experiments are conducted on MIMO systems with these compact antennas and linear antenna arrays. Measured data are analyzed to examine channel characteristics, such as cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of eigenvalues. Furthermore, the effect of different antenna configurations on channel capacity is highlighted and discussed. A high data rate capacity can be achieved with the compact antennas, particularly from the cube-six-port variant. These antennas might be applied in actual MIMO systems in wireless communications.

In this paper, a novel receiver architecture is proposed for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems; the proposed architecture helps achieve superior performance in multipath fading channels when the number of layered streams exceeds the number of receiving antennas. In this architecture, the concept of “virtual channel” is adopted to attain diversity gain even when successive detection is applied for reducing computational complexity, while orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is employed to combat multipath fading. Actually, successive detection is carried out in all possible virtual channels, and the virtual channel with the minimum error probability is detected with the assistance of the maximum a-posteriori (MAP) decoder in the architecture. In addition, soft input and soft output (SISO) iterative detection is introduced in the virtual channel estimation scheme. The performance of the proposed architecture is verified by computer simulations. This architecture can be implemented with lesser complexity than that in maximum likelihood detection (MLD), but the gain in the former case exceeds that in the latter by 4.5 dB at the BER of 10^-3 for 42 MIMO-OFDM.

In this paper, a frequency domain adaptive antenna array (FDAAA) algorithm is proposed for broadband single-carrier uplink transmissions in a cellular system. By employing AAA weight control in the frequency domain, the FDAAA receiver is able to suppress the multi-user interference (MUI) and the co-channel interference (CCI). In addition, the channel frequency selectivity can be exploited to suppress the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and to obtain frequency diversity (or the multi-path diversity). Another advantage of the FDAAA algorithm is that its performance is not affected by the spread of angles of arrival (AOA) of the received multi-path signal. In this study the structure of FDAAA receiver is discussed and the frequency domain signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) after weight control is investigated. The performance of the FDAAA algorithm is confirmed by simulation results. It is shown that, the optimal FDAAA weight to obtain the best BER performance is that which fully cancels the interference when single-cell system is considered; On the other hand, when multi-cell cellular system is considered, the optimal FDAAA weight depends on both the cellular structure and the target signal to noise ratio (SNR) of transmit power control (TPC).

We propose an improved TDoA (Time Difference of Arrival) localization scheme based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in UWB (Ultra Wide Band) systems. The proposed scheme is composed of two steps: the re-estimation of TDoA parameters and the re-localization of tag position. In both steps, the PSO algorithm is employed to improve the performance. In the first step, the proposed scheme re-estimates the TDoA parameters obtained by traditional TDoA localization to reduce the TDoA estimation error. In the second step, the proposed scheme with the TDoA parameters estimated in the first step, re-localizes the tag to minimize the location error. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better location performance than the traditional TDoA localization in various channel environments.

Transmission performance of carrier superposed signals for frequency reuse are significantly degraded when transmitted through a satellite channel containing a nonlinear device. The extent to which the signals are degraded depends on the operating level (back off) of the transponder. This paper proposes a method to compensate for the effects of nonlinearity in the interference canceller by giving the same nonlinearity to a replica with the capability to automatically track the back off of the satellite transponder. Computer simulations show that the proposed technique significantly enhances system performance at all transponder operating levels even though it can be simply implemented in the canceller by digital signal processing circuits.

Due to the reuse factor reduction, the same frequencies are reused in adjacent neighboring cells, which causes an attendant increase in co-channel interference (CCI). CCI has already become the limiting factor in the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based cellular systems. Joint maximum likelihood sequence estimation (JMLSE) based interference cancellation algorithms have been under intense research. However, despite the fact that the error probability of JMLSE is critical for analyzing the performance, to the best of our knowledge, the mathematical expression has not been derived for MQAM-OFDM yet. Direct computation of the error probability involves integrating a multi-dimensional Gaussian distribution that has no closed-form solution. Therefore, an alternative way is to upper and lower bound the error probability with computable quantities. In this paper, firstly, both the upper and the conventional lower error probability bounds of JMLSE are derived for MQAM-OFDM systems based on a genie-aided receiver. Secondly, in order to reduce the gap between the conventional lower bound and the simulation results, a tighter lower bound is derived by replacing the genie with a less generous one. Thirdly, those derived error probability bounds are generalized to the receiver diversity scheme. These error probability bounds are important new analytical results that can be used to provide rapid and accurate estimation of the BER performance over any MQAM scheme and an arbitrary number of interferers and receive antennas.

Most existing works on resource allocation in cooperative OFDMA systems have focused on homogeneous users with same service and demand. In this paper, we focus on resource allocation in a service differentiated cooperative OFDMA system where each user has a different QoS requirement. We investigate joint power allocation, relay selection and subcarrier assignment to maximize overall system rates with consideration of QoS guarantees and service support. By introducing QoS price, this combinatorial problem with exponential complexity is converted into a convex one, and a two-level dual-primal decomposition based QoS-aware resource allocation (QARA) algorithm is proposed to tackle the problem. Simulation results reveal that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms previous works in terms of both services support and QoS satisfaction.

In wireless networks, the mechanism to adaptively select a link transmission rate based on channel variations is referred to as RA (rate adaptation). The operation may have a critical impact on the upper-layer application, specifically video streaming which has strict QoS requirements. Thus, RA should consider the QoS requirements and radio conditions at the same time. In this paper, we present a CV-RA (cross-layer video-oriented rate adaptation) scheme for video transmission over multi-rate wireless networks. The transmission rate is switched in a cross-layer optimized way, by simultaneously considering video R-D (rate-distortion) characteristics as well as wireless conditions. At the radio link layer, transmission rate selection is made using cross-layer optimization. As a result of RA, the effective link throughput dynamically changes. At the application layer, video source rate is adaptively controlled using cross-layer adaptation. CV-RA is compared to three traditional RA schemes. It can realize the highest possible visual communications for any channel condition. For the previous schemes, the variations of visual quality is high due to dynamic packet error rates. In contrast, for CV-RA, visual quality improves with the channel condition.

The tag collection algorithm in ISO/IEC 18000-7 has difficulty in collecting data from massive numbers of active RFID tags in a timely manner, so it should be improved to allow successful application in a wide variety of industrial fields. We propose two novel methods, a reduced-message method to improve the performance of data-tag collection and an efficient-sleep method to improve the performance of ID-tag collection. The reduced-message method decreases the slot size for a tag response by reducing the response size from the tag and reduces the number of commands issued from the reader. The efficient-sleep method utilizes redundant empty slots within the frame period to transmit sleep commands to the tags collected previously. We evaluated the performance improvement of tag collection by the proposed methods experimentally using an active RFID reader and 60 tags that we prepared for this study. The experimental results showed that the reduced-message method and the efficient-sleep method decreased the average tag collection time by 16.7% for data-tag collection and 9.3% for ID-tag collection compared with the standard tag collection. We also developed a simulation model for the active RFID system, reflecting the capture effect in wireless communication, and performed simulations to evaluate the proposed methods with a massive number of tags. The simulation results with up to 300 tags confirmed that the proposed methods could improve the tag collection performance, confirming the experimental results, even with larger numbers of tags.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, which is specified in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8 and employs downlink multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission, is drawing attention as a promising next generation cellular mobile radio system due to its high spectral efficiency compared to the current High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) system. The authors performed a field trial of an LTE system that complies with 3GPP Release 8 in Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, Japan, as a specified ubiquitous district project promoted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan. This paper first summarizes the field trial. Next, it describes the overview of the field trial system and reports the field experiment results on the downlink 22 MIMO wireless transmission. Finally, it compares the field experimental results to laboratory experimental results obtained with a hardware channel simulator using the channel model based on Recommendation ITU-R P.1816.

This paper firstly analysis the coherent correlation, non-coherent accumulation detector used in weak satellite signal detection mathematically and statistically, and derives its single threshold based on the CFAR (constant false alarm rate). And then the paper improved the detector under the situation of more than one satellite existing with different signal power. Based on this new type of detector, a threshold calculation method is introduced considering the effect of near-far problem in the weak signal detection. Finally the method is verified and compared to the traditional single threshold with simulated data and collected intermediate frequency real data. The results show that this new threshold method can detect signal efficiently with lower false alarm possibility and larger detection possibility.

We develop an effective algorithm, based on the filtered backprojection (FBP) approach, for the imaging of vegetation. Under the FBP scheme, the reconstruction amounts at a non-trivial Fourier inversion, since the data are Fourier samples arranged on a non-Cartesian grid. The computational issue is efficiently tackled by Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transforms (NUFFTs), whose complexity grows asymptotically as that of a standard FFT. Furthermore, significant speed-ups, as compared to fast CPU implementations, are obtained by a parallel versions of the NUFFT algorithm, purposely designed to be run on Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) by using the CUDA language. The performance of the parallel algorithm has been assessed in comparison to a CPU-multicore accelerated, Matlab implementation of the same routine, to other CPU-multicore accelerated implementations based on standard FFT and employing linear, cubic, spline and sinc interpolations and to a different, parallel algorithm exploiting a parallel linear interpolation stage. The proposed approach has resulted the most computationally convenient. Furthermore, an indoor, polarimetric experimental setup is developed, capable to isolate and introduce, one at a time, different non-idealities of a real acquisition, as the sources (wind, rain) of temporal decorrelation. Experimental far-field polarimetric measurements on a thuja plicata (western redcedar) tree point out the performance of the set up algorithm, its robustness against data truncation and temporal decorrelation as well as the possibility of discriminating scatterers with different features within the investigated scene.

This paper defines a Quality of Experience (QoE) parameter for multi-view video streaming service over Wireless Broadband Internet, and proposes cross-layer optimization (CLO) algorithm to maximize the QoE. The proposed CLO algorithm interacts with all layers from PHY layer to video layer. Under the time-varying wireless channel condition, it guarantees service continuity to the user by selecting frames to be transmitted. The CLO technique takes inter-view and the temporal significance of the multi-view video frames into consideration when deciding the Transmission Frame Set (TFS) and its Levels of FEC (LOF). Through simulation of the proposed technique, it is shown that the optimal quality of the multi-view video can be achieved even during hand-over, using the minimum amount of resources. Visual quality of multi-view video streams is improved by about 15.330.2%, especially up to 39.165% during the hand-over. Moreover, continuity of the most important view has been increased by 20.139.1% in comparison with conventional method.

In view of the frequent and complex changes of GNSS visible satellite constellation in attitude determination system, an improved attitude signal simulation algorithm for high dynamic satellite signal simulator is proposed. Based on Software Radio architecture, elevation calculation in the antenna coordinate system and channel state control logic under the condition of carrier attitude changes are introduced into the algorithm to implement synchronous scheduling of visible satellite constellation and attitude signal simulation. This work guarantees the simulator to run constantly and stably for a long time with the advantages of high precision and low complexity. Compared with synchronous positioning results from the receiver, the simulation results show that not only can the output signals of the simulator accurately reflect the carrier's attitude characteristics, but also no step error is generated and the positioning precision is not influenced when visible satellite constellation changes.

We achieve concurrent access to WiFi and WiMAX networks on a mobile terminal equipped with a common RF subsystem by providing time-interleaved RF access control schemes to both of the MAC layers. We propose cooperative and competitive sharing schemes, neither of which requires any modification to other network components. We implement our schemes on a WiFi/WiMAX dual-mode SoC platform. Experimental results show that these schemes work and have affordable overheads.

This letter provides a tight upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) over the Nakagami-m fading channel for the dual carrier modulation (DCM) scheme, which is adopted by the multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) system. Its tightness is verified with the existing result for Rayleigh fading channel, i.e., for m=1, which would be also valid for a more general fading environment.

A loop-back WDM-PON based on a RSOA has lots of merits, however one-level of the upstream signal has downstream information under OOK modulation. These effects make difficult to define decision threshold and estimate BER. In order to solve this, we propose a mathematical model of remodulated OOK signal and experimentally demonstrate BER performance with the near optimum decision threshold achieved by the proposed model.

DV-Hop algorithm produces errors in location estimations due to inaccurate hop size. We propose a novel localization scheme based on DV-Hop to improve positioning accuracy with least error hop sizes of anchors and average hop sizes of unknowns. The least error hop size of an anchor minimizes its location error, but it may be far small or large. To cope with this inconsistent hop size, each unknown node calculates its average hop size with hop sizes from anchors. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the DV-Hop algorithm in location estimations.

Many methods have been researched to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks that use mobile technologies. In the mobile sink research, there are the track based methods and the anchor points based methods as representative operation methods for mobile sinks. However, most existing methods decrease the Quality of Service (QoS) and lead to routing hotspots in the vicinity of the mobile sinks. The main reason is that they use static mobile sink movement paths that ignore the network environment such as the query position and the data priority. In this paper, we propose a novel mobile sink operation method that solves the problems of the existing methods. In our method, the probe priority of the mobile sink is determined from data priority to increase the QoS. The mobility of sink used to reduce the routing hotspot. Experiments show that the proposed method reduces the query response time and improves the network lifetime much more than the existing methods.

The problem of estimating the nominal angles and angular spreads of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources in a symmetric uniform linear array (ULA) is considered. Based on structure of the subarrays consisting of two opposite sensors relative to the center of a ULA and the rank reduction (RARE) concept, the proposed algorithm is able to estimate the nominal angles without any angular signal density model assumptions of the sources. Using the estimated nominal angles, the angular spread of each source is then obtained using a one-dimensional (1-D) distributed source parameter estimator (DSPE).

A planar circularly-polarized (CP) small antenna is proposed. To obtain a low profile configuration, a co-planar waveguide (CPW) structure is employed. Circular polarization is achieved using a curved stub that generates current distribution in a direction orthogonal to the current distribution from the patch. Using meander lines and a series gap capacitance, a 70% size reduction is achieved compared to a half-wavelength resonant antenna. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed antenna is the smallest CP antenna using CPW technology. The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 8.3% from 3.83 GHz to 4.16 GHz, and a 1.6 dBic gain and 89% efficiency are achieved.

In this letter, we propose an effective preamble based on constant amplitude and zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and cooperative WiMedia ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed preamble even provides better single-channel estimation performance than the preamble specified in the standard in severe UWB channel model. The effectiveness of the proposed design is confirmed through the mean square error (MSE) performance.

Recently, a new diversity scheme called spatial phase coding (SPC) have been introduced. In conventional SPC, it was assumed that the channel phases between the transmit antennas and the receive antenna independently vary. However, practical channel phase dependently vary between neighboring subcarriers. In this letter, a feedback design method which is more efficient than conventional SPC is proposed. Furthermore, the scheme to improve the BER performance of conventional SPC using 1-bit feedback is suggested.

An optimal selection criterion of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for maximizing spectral efficiency is proposed in consideration of the signaling overhead of mobile WiMAX systems with a hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism. A base station informs users about the resource assignments in each frame, and the allocation process generates a substantial signaling overhead, which influences the system throughput. However, the signaling overhead was ignored in previous MCS selection criteria. In this letter, the spectral efficiency is estimated on the basis of the signaling overhead and the number of transmissions. The performance of the proposed MCS selection criterion is evaluated in terms of the spectral efficiency in the mobile WiMAX system, with and without persistent allocation.

In this paper, a novel channel estimation method for time domain synchrotrons orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) based on training sequence cyclic reconstruction is proposed to eliminate residual inter-block interference (IBI); it estimates the channel impulse response (CIR) in an iterative manner. A simulation and analysis show that the proposed method can effectively perform the channel estimation over long-delay multipath channels with low complexity.

A novel signaling scheme is proposed for iterative channel estimation and data decoding in fast fading channels. The basic idea is to bias the occurrence probability of transmitted symbols. A priori information about the bias is utilized for channel estimation. The bias-based scheme is constructed as a serially concatenated code, in which a convolutional code and a biased nonlinear block code are used as the outer and inner codes, respectively. This construction allows the receiver to estimate channel state information (CSI) efficiently. The proposed scheme is numerically shown to outperform conventional pilot-based schemes in terms of spectral efficiency for moderately fast fading channels.

Existing filtering methods of TCP ACK packets are known to be effective in reducing the required bandwidth, resulting in the improvement of TCP throughput. However, the methods cannot handle the filtering of piggyback ACK packets. Considering that most TCP applications require bidirectional data exchange, the lack of the functionality to deal with the piggyback ACK packets should be addressed. This paper proposes a novel filtering scheme for WiMAX systems that can handle the piggyback ACK packets. The novelty comes from the fact that the proposed method overlaps the processing time of packet merging with the round trip delay of the bandwidth request-and-grant procedure. It is advantageous because it does not require extra time for the merging. The results from an analytical model and simulations show that the required uplink bandwidth is decreased while the downlink throughput is increased.

In this paper, a preemptive priority queueing model is developed to derive the system dwelling time of secondary calls in a cognitive radio system in which a primary call's reoccupation of the channel is modeled as a preemptive event that forces a secondary call to attempt a spectrum handover. The suspension of secondary call service which may happen when the immediate spectrum handover fails, is included in our computation of the system dwelling time. The results are helpful in evaluating cognitive radio systems in terms of service delay and in determining system design parameters such as required buffer size and system capacity.

In this letter we present efficient iterative frequency domain equalization for single-carrier (SC) transmission systems with insufficient cyclic prefix (CP). Based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria, iterative decision feedback frequency domain equalization (IDF-FDE) combined with cyclic prefix reconstruction (CPR) is derived to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). Computer simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of SC systems with insufficient CP compared with previous schemes.

In this letter, the interference cancellation technique is introduced to single carrier (SC) block transmission systems in sparse Rician frequency selective fading channels, and an effective equalizer is presented. Hard decision on the transmitted signal is made by commonly used SC equalizers, and every multipath signal can be constructed by the initial solution and channel state information. Then, final demodulation result is obtained by the line-of-sight component in the received signal which can be achieved by cancelling the other multipath signals in the received signal. The solution can be further used to construct the multipath signals allowing a multistage detector with higher performance to be realized. It is shown by Monte Carlo simulations in an SUI-5 channel that the new scheme offers dramatically higher performance than traditional equalization schemes.

This research proposes a Coding-Gain-Based (CGB) complexity control method for real-time H.264 video encoding in complexity-constrained systems such as wireless handsets. By allocating more complexity to the encoding tools which have higher coding efficiency, the CGB method is able to maximize the overall coding efficiency of the encoder.