This paper presents a simple and effective method to further reduce the search points in multilevel successive elimination algorithm (MSEA). Because the calculated sea values of those best matching search points are much smaller than the current minimum SAD, we can simply increase the calculated sea values to increase the elimination ratio without much affecting the coding quality. Compared with the original MSEA algorithm, the proposed strict MSEA algorithm (SMSEA) can provide average 6.52 times speedup. Compared with other lossy fast ME algorithms such as TSS and DS, the proposed SMSEA can maintain more stable image quality. In practice, the proposed technique can also be used in the fine granularity SEA (FGSEA) algorithm and the calculation process is almost the same.

In DS-CDMA cellular communications systems, the single frequency reuse can be utilized. Since large other-cell interference is produced, the well known soft handover or site diversity must be used. If the single frequency reuse is not utilized to avoid the other-cell interference, we will face the frequency allocation problem, similar to FDMA systems. In this paper, a DS-CDMA cellular system using band division is proposed. The available wide frequency band is divided into several narrow frequency bands and the different frequency bands are allocated to adjacent cells so as to avoid the large other-cell interference. For the frequency allocation, the channel segregation distributed channel allocation (CS-DCA) algorithm is applied. The link capacity is evaluated by computer simulation.

The front-end LSI having a capable of 2 reading and writing of BD-R/RW/ROM is developed. Its readability is improved by adopting 5-tap adaptive partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) with the PR(a,b,c,d,e) type channel. Due to the proposed PRML, less than 210-4 of the bit error rate (BER) is achieved with radial and tangential tilt margin of over 0.6°on 25 GB disc. The method of an optimum power control (OPC) for stable writing of various BD-R/RW is proposed. The presented chip contains 14-million transistors in a 60 mm2 dies, and is fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS technology.

In multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, phase tracking schemes suffer from co-channel interference (CCI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by residual frequency offset. In this paper, we propose a residual frequency offset compensation scheme using feedback phase tracking to eliminate the effect of both ICI and CCI for MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed phase tracking scheme estimates the amount of residual frequency offset in the frequency domain, and compensates for it in the time domain, periodically. Thus, the effect of ICI can be reduced. Furthermore, we consider two methods of channel estimation that enable the system to estimate the channel response several times within a packet to eliminate the effect of CCI. This is because the channel is generally estimated at the beginning of a packet, and this estimation is affected by residual frequency offset. First is the method that employs midambles. Second is the one that reuses the preamble. When the channel is estimated several times within a packet, the effect of CCI can be reduced. Simulation results show the proposed scheme can compensate for residual frequency offset and CCI more accurately than the conventional scheme, and improve the packet error rate (PER) performance.

Practical design of double-gate undoped-channel FinFET has been investigated through 3D device simulations considering gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL). Optimization of FinFET structure including source/drain (S/D) profile was carried out for hp45 low standby power (LSTP) device whose gate length (Lg) is equal to 25 nm. GIDL is reduced by using gradual and offset S/D profile while degradation of drive current is minimized. Through the optimization of lateral straggle and offset of S/D profile, the ITRS specifications for drive current and off-state leakage current are achievable by FinFET with 10 nm fin width.

In this letter, we propose a new modification to the belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for Finite-Geometry low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The modification is based on introducing feedback into the iterative process, which can break the oscillations of bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values. Simulations show that, with a given maximum iteration, the "feedback BP" (FBP) algorithm can achieve better performance than the conventional belief propagation algorithm.

In order to introduce the burst firing, a nerve-cell dynamic feature, we extend the Inverse function Delayed model (ID model), which is the neuron model with ability to oscillate and has powerful ability on the information processing. This dynamics is discussed for the relation with the functional role of the brain and is characterized by repeated patterns of closely spaced action potentials. It is expected that the additional new characteristics add extra functions to neural networks. Using the relation between the ID model and reduced Hodgkin-Huxley model, we propose the neuron model with ability of burst. The proposed model excelled the ID model in solving the N-Queen problem. Additionally, the prototype chip for the burst ID model is implemented and measured.

For more efficient data transmissions, a new MLP/BP-based channel equalizer is proposed to compensate for multi-path fading in wireless applications. In this work, for better system performance, we apply the soft output and the soft feedback structure as well as the soft decision channel decoding. Moreover, to improve packet error rate (PER) and bit error rate (BER), we search for the optimal scaling factor of the transfer function in the output layer of the MLP/BP neural networks and add small random disturbances to the training data. As compared with the conventional MLP/BP-based DFEs and the soft output MLP/BP-based DFEs, the proposed MLP/BP-based soft DFEs under multi-path fading channels can improve over 3-0.6 dB at PER=10-1 and over 3.3-0.8 dB at BER=10-3.

In this paper, we propose an Active Body-biasing Controlled (ABC)-Bootstrap PTL (Pass-Transistor Logic) on PD-SOI for ultra low power design. Although simply lowering the supply voltage (VDD) causes a lack of driving power, our boosted voltage scheme employing a strong capacitive coupling with ABC-SOI improves a driving power and allows lower voltage operation. We also present an SOI-SRAM design boosting the word line (WL) voltage higher than VDD in short transition time without dual power supply rails. Simulation results have shown improvement in both the delay time and power consumption.

We propose a new tableau construction which builds an FSM, instead of a Kripke structure, from a formula in a class of temporal logic named ASTL. This FSM is a maximal model of the formula under the preorder derived from simulation relations. Additionally, we propose a method using the tableaus to build controllers in a certain topology of interconnected FSMs. We can use ASTL to describe the desired behaviors of the control system. This method is applicable to generating digital circuits. Moreover, this method accepts a wider range of specifications than conventional methods.

In the age of pervasive computing, ubiquitous collaboration has become an every-day life paradigm. Without an ideal computing infrastructure, issues with ubiquitous collaboration, such as network unreliability, platform heterogeneity, and client's resource constraints, are inevitable. The traditional replication scheme copes with network unreliability by replicating all the objects of a shared application together at once. This is, however, suitable for neither cooperative applications nor mobile computing devices. These problems can be naturally addressed by using a fine-grained replication scheme that enables a portion of the application objects to be replicated. This paper presents an object-oriented middleware that is capable of dynamically and transparently replicating remotely shared Java applications in a partially and on-demand incremental manner. It is also able to maintain various consistency semantics and enables the coexistence of fine-grained replications and conventional remote method invocations. Empirical results indicate several practical benefits of the middleware.

This paper presents sector based flooding (SBF) and adaptive sector-based flooding (ASBF) that are flooding methods for mobile ad hoc networks using position information. SBF, which divides the communication area of a sender node into sectors, allows only the node nearest to a sector representative position in each sector to rebroadcast a packet. SBF is divided into two methods, SBF-1 and SBF-2; the difference is the number of criteria used to decide whether to rebroadcast or to drop the packet. In ASBF, each node selects a flooding method from among SBF-1, SBF-2, and pure flooding, depending on its local node density. The node density is obtained from the distance between the sector representative position and its nearest node. Simulation results show that SBF reduces the number of packet transmissions generated in flooding and ASBF has high packet reachability with few packet transmissions.

A Multi-Functional unit has several functions and these can be changed with a control signal. For High-Level Synthesis, using Multi-Functions units in operation chaining make it possible to obtaining the solution with the same number of control steps and less resources compared to that without them. This paper proposes an operation chaining method considering Multi-Functional units. The method formulates module selection, scheduling, and functional unit allocation with operation chaining as a 0/1 integer linear problem and obtains optimal solution with minimum number of control steps under area and clock-cycle type constraints. The first contribution of this paper is to propose the global search for operation chaining with Multi-Functional units having multiple outputs as well as with single output. The second contribution is to condier the area constraint as a resource constraint instead of the type and number of functional units. Experimental results show that chaining with Multi-Functional units is effective and the proposed method is useful to evaluate heuristic algorithms.

Accurate estimating or measuring the intake manifold absolute pressure plays an important role in automobile engine control. In order to achieve the real-time estimation of the absolute pressure, the high accuracy and high speed processing ability are required for automobile engine control systems. Therefore, in this paper, an analog method is discussed and a fully integrated analog circuit is proposed to simulate automobile intake systems. Furthermore, a novel behavioral macromodeling is proposed for the analog circuit design. With the analog circuit, the intake manifold absolute pressure, which plays an important role for the effective automobile engine control, can be accurately estimated or measured in real time.

A novel interconnect design concept named "ASIS (Appilication-specific Interconnect Structure)" is presented for 45 nm CMOS performance maximization. Basic scheme of ASIS is that corresponding to applications, such as high-performance, low-power, or high reliability, interconnect structure as well as metal thickness is individually optimized in order to maximize chip-level performance matched to the application. Our investigation shows that for low-power application, the increased resistivity of scaled-down Cu-wire is not a main issue, so that thinner wire is more advantageous. For high-performance application, partially double pitch structure for local and intermediate layers is advantageous. For high-reliability requirement, Cu-Al alloy or CoWP cap-metal is quite effective for boosting reliability.

This paper proposes a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) for the differential space-time block code (DSTBC) in cooperation with blind linear prediction (BLP) of fast frequency-flat fading channels. This method that linearly predicts the fading complex envelope derives its linear prediction coefficients by the method of Lagrange multipliers, and does not require data of decision-feedback or information on the channel parameters such as the maximum Doppler frequency in contrast to conventional ones. Computer simulations under fast fading conditions demonstrate that the proposed method with an appropriate degree of polynomial approximation is superior in BER performance to the conventional method that estimates the coefficients by the RLS algorithm using a training sequence.

Based on the channel properties of of the meteor burst communication, a kind of semi-irregular LDPC codes suitable for MBC is presented. Simulation results show that the application of this kind of semi-irregular LDPC codes in MBC yields better performance than the regular ones. Some theoretical analyses are given.

We have developed a new simulation methodology for predicting shot noise intensity in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). In our approach, shot noise in MOSFETs is calculated by employing a two dimensional device simulator in conjunction with the shot noise model of a p-n junction. The accuracy of the noise model has been demonstrated by comparing simulation results with measured noise data of p-n diodes. The intensity of shot noise in various n-MOSFET devices under various bias conditions was estimated beyond GHz operational frequency by using our simulation scheme. At DC or low-frequency region, sub-threshold current dominates the intensity of shot noise. Therefore, shot noise is independent on frequency in this region, and its intensity is exponentially depends on VG, proportional to L-1, and almost independent on VD. At high-frequency region above GHz frequency, on the other hand, shot noise intensity depends on frequency and is much larger than that of low-frequency region. In particular, the intensity of the RF shot noise is almost independent on L, VD and VG. This suggests that high-frequency shot noise intensity of MOSFETs is decided only by the conditions of source-bulk junction.

Many embedded system application in ubiquitous network strongly require the high performance SoC with overcoming the physical limitations in the advanced CMOS. To develop these SoC, the continuous design efforts have been done. The initial efforts are the primitive level circuit technique and power switching control method for suppressing the standby currents. However, the additional physical limitations and system enhancements becomes main factors, the new design efforts have been proposed. These design efforts are the application-oriented technologies from the system level to device level. This paper introduces the self voltage controlled technique to cancel the PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) variation, power distribution and power management for cellular phone application, parallel algorithm and optimized layout DSP, and massively parallel fine-grained SIMD processor for next multimedia application. The high performance SoC for the embedded are achieved by providing the components of the system level IPs and making the application oriented SoC platform.

A new approach for solution of the Tensor-Volume Integral Equation (TVIE) using Galerkin-based moment method (MoM) for three-dimensional dielectric bodies is proposed. Two problems of plane wave scattering by a dielectric sphere and a thin-wire antenna in close proximity to a dielectric body are investigated. In both cases, cubic modeling is applied and a combination of entire-domain and sub-domain basis functions, including three-dimensional polynomial functions with different degrees is utilized for field expansion inside dielectric bodies. Power polynomial is adopted for this purpose and its property is discussed over the proposed mixed-domain MoM formulation. Numerical examples show that based on the proposed method, a relative fast algorithm and suitable accuracy are achieved compared with conventional MoM. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the Mie theory, conventional MoM and the FDTD method.