Large-throughput anomaly prevention mechanism in the upstream side of high-speed (over 10-Gbps) networks is required to prevent various anomalies such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) from causing various network problems. This mechanism requests the processors achieving not only high-speed response for analyzing many packets in a short time but also the flexibility to update the anomaly prevention algorithm. In this research, I assumed a dynamic reconfigurable processor (DRP) was most effective in achieving this anomaly prevention mechanism, for processors used in nodes with the mechanism, and I designed an anomaly prevention mechanism using DRPs. The mechanism can shorten anomaly prevention time in high-speed (10 Gbps) lines using an all-packet analysis. Through a simulation, I achieved the goal of the mechanism achieving a throughput of 83-M packets per second using three DRPs (432 execution elements used). Moreover, with the prototype, it was confirmed that the proposed mechanism prevented anomalies in a short time (constant 0.01 second), which was 3000 times faster than that of a legacy mechanism using a packet sampling method. I also proposed integrated prevention, which was able to reduce the number of execution elements comprising anomaly prevention algorithm against various kinds of anomalies. It was achieved with a simulation that the proposed integrated prevention against three kinds of anomalies (DDoS, worm, and peer to peer (P2P)) reduced the number of execution elements by 24% compared to legacy prevention. In addition, non-stop update was proposed to maintain throughput when updating an anomaly prevention algorithm without packet loss. It was confirmed with a simulation that there was enough time for non-stop update in 10 Gbps 4 lines.

Binary sequences with two-level periodic autocorrelation correspond directly to cyclic (v, k, λ)-designs. When v = 4t-1, k = 2t -1 and λ = t-1, for some positive integer t, the sequence (or design) is called a cyclic Hadamard sequence (or design). For all known examples, v is either a prime number, a product of twin primes, or one less than a power of 2. Except when v = 2k-1, all known examples are based on quadratic residues (using the Legendre symbol when v is prime, and the Jacobi symbol when v = p(p+2) where both p and p+2 are prime); or sextic residues (when v is a prime of the form 4a2 + 27). However, when v = 2k-1, many constructions are now known, including m-sequences (corresponding to Singer difference sets), quadratic and sextic residue sequences (when 2k-1 is prime), GMW sequences and their generalizations (when k is composite), certain term-by-term sums of three and of five m-sequences and more general sums of trace terms, several constructions based on hyper-ovals in finite geometries (found by Segre, by Glynn, and by Maschietti), and the result of performing the Welch-Gong transformation on some of the foregoing.

A plane drawing of a plane graph is called a rectangular drawing if every face including the outer face is a rectangle. A based rectangular drawing is a rectangular drawing with a designated base line segment on the outer face. An algorithm to generate all based rectangular drawings having exactly n faces is known. The algorithm generates each based rectangular drawing having exactly n faces in constant time "on average." In this paper, we give another simple algorithm to generate all based rectangular drawings having exactly n faces. Our algorithm generates each based rectangular drawing having exactly n faces in constant time "in the worst case." Our algorithm generates each based rectangular drawing so that it can be obtained from the preceding one by at most three operations and does not output entire drawings but the difference from the preceding one. Therefore the derived sequence of based rectangular drawings is a kind of combinatorial Gray code for based rectangular drawings.

A test structure to separately measure sheet resistances of highly-doped-drain (HDD) and lightly-doped-drain (LDD) in LDD-type CMOSFETs with various gate spaces S having sub-100 nm sidewalls was proposed. From the reciprocal of source/drain-resistance R-1 versus S characteristics, the sheet resistance ρH of the high-conductive-region (HCR) corresponding to HDD and the approximate width WLC of the low-conductive-region (LCR) corresponding to LDD could be estimated. Both of ρH and WLC for p- and n-MOS devices were scarcely dependent on the gate voltage. The sidewall-width difference of 40 nm could be sufficiently detected by using the test structure with the S pitch of about 60 nm. The R-1 versus S characteristics showed the unstable resistance variations in the narrow S region less than 0.3 µm, which corresponded to the minimum S for the process used for the test device fabrication and suggested that various micro-loading effects seriously affected on the characteristics.

Secure communication in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is important as nodes communicate over the wireless medium, which can be easily eavesdropped. Currently, the literature of secure IP address autoconfiguration in MANETs is extremely rare. In this paper, we propose five protocols that provide both secure IP address autoconfiguration and authenticated group key agreement (GKA) to give a more efficient and secure solution for MANET communications. Whenever a dynamic group membership event such as node join, node leave, network merge and network partition occurs, our protocols ensure that the IP address allocation table and group key are updated so that there are no address conflicts and leaving and joining users cannot decrypt future and previous communications respectively. A complexity analysis shows that despite having additional capabilities such as IP address autoconfiguration and key authentication, our protocols are still efficient when compared to other GKA protocols.

An atmospheric visibility measurement system capable of quantifying the most common operating range of onboard exteroceptive sensors is a key parameter in the creation of driving assistance systems. This information is then utilized to adapt sensor operations and processing or to alert the driver that the onboard assistance system is momentarily inoperative. Moreover, a system capable of either detecting the presence of fog or estimating visibility distances constitutes in itself a driving aid. In this paper, we first present a review of different optical sensors likely to measure the visibility distance. We then present our stereovision based technique to estimate what we call the "mobilized visibility distance". This is the distance to the most distant object on the road surface having a contrast above 5%. In fact, this definition is very close to the definition of the meteorological visibility distance proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The method combines the computation of both a depth map of the vehicle environment using the "v-disparity" approach and of local contrasts above 5%. Both methods are described separately. Then, their combination is detailed. A qualitative evaluation is done using different video sequences. Finally, a static quantitative evaluation is also performed thanks to reference targets installed on a dedicated test site.

A VCO for multi-standard transceiver should operate in wide-tuning range, while providing low-phase noise quadrature outputs with low power consumption. In this paper, a multi-standard CMOS LC QVCO is designed utilizing reconfigurable LC tank and low power low phase noise quadrature generation method. Designed in 0.18 µm CMOS technology, the VCO achieved very wide tuning characteristics in two separate bands with low power consumption.

This paper studies the problem of the relations between existence conditions of common quadratic and those of common infinity-norm Lyapunov functions for sets of discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Based on the equivalence between the robust stability of a class of time-varying systems and the existence of a common infinity-norm Lyapunov function for the corresponding set of LTI systems, the relations are determined. It turns out that although the relation is an equivalent one for single stable systems, the existence condition of common infinity-norm type is strictly implied by that of common quadratic type for the set of systems. Several existence conditions of a common infinity-norm Lyapunov functions are also presented for the purpose of easy checking.

In this paper, we propose a new method to enhance the fault-tolerance of the Content Addressable Network (CAN), which is known as a typical pure P2P system based on the notion of Distributed Hash Table (DHT). The basic idea of the proposed method is to introduce redundancy to the management of index information distributed over the nodes in the given P2P network, by allowing each index to be assigned to several nodes, which was restricted to be one in the original CAN system. To keep the consistency among several copies of indices, we propose an efficient synchronization scheme based on the notion of labels assigned to each copy in a distinct manner. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation. The result of simulations indicates that the proposed scheme significantly enhances the fault-tolerance of the CAN system.

In this paper, we discuss the issue of empathy-inducing effect brought by Japanese Haiku, regarded as the world-shortest poetry. Its condensed form of word combination sometimes arouses deep impression and empathy in readers. Its possibilities as communication media would be enhanced in multimedia contexts, when considering educational purpose or cross-cultural interchanges. An experimental result is shown for evaluating multimedia effect on combined presentation of a CG drawing and its associated haiku in English. We confirmed that various aspects of visual impression and empathy were sometimes enhanced with certain haiku text as linguistic stimuli, compared with the condition of viewing a CG drawing only. The reason of raised empathy was analyzed from the various aspects of the content provided by the associated haiku text complementary for the drawing. Moreover, we examined the effects of poetic styles on subjects' empathy, using Japanese prose and conventional haiku style (5-7-5 syllabic rhyme), both of them were translated from the same haiku in English.

High-resolution FMCW reflectometry is often realized by sampling the beat signal with a clock signal generated from an auxiliary interferometer. The drawback of this system is that the measurement range is limited to less than half of the optical path difference of the auxiliary interferometer to satisfy the Sampling theorem. We propose and demonstrate a method to extend the measurement range of the system. The clock signal gerenerated from the auxiliary interferometer is electronically frequency-multipled by using a PLL circuit. The measurement range is experimentally extended by a factor of 20 while keeping high spatial resolution, and is theoretically extended by a factor of 128. The advantage of the proposed system is that the optical path difference of the auxiliary interferometer can be kept short, which is very effective for obtaining the stable and low time-jitter clock signal.

Research on low-power scan testing has been focused on the shift mode, with little consideration given to the capture mode power. However, high switching activity when capturing a test response can cause excessive IR-drop, resulting in significant yield loss due to faulty test results. This paper addresses this problem with a novel low-capture-power X-filling method by assigning 0's and 1's to unspecified bits (X-bits) in a test cube to reduce the switching activity in capture mode. This method can be easily incorporated into any test generation flow, where test cubes can be obtained during ATPG or by X-bit identification. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this method in reducing capture power dissipation without any impact on area, timing, and fault coverage.

We deal with quadratic semi-assignment problems with symmetric distances. This symmetry reduces the number of variables in its mixed integer programming formulation. We investigate a polytope arising from the problem, and obtain some basic polyhedral properties, the dimension, the affine hull, and certain facets through an isomorphic projection. We also present a class of facets.

We present our recent results of the 10-bit data driver LSI for 42-inch diagonal TFT-LCD TV with full HD format. To develop data driver LSIs for a true 10-bit TFT-LCD TV with full HD (19201080) format, small chip area, low power consumption, and output uniformity between channels are key problems that must be solved. By applying a two-stage DAC which combines 8-bit resistor-string DAC and 2-bit binary weighted capacitor DAC, the area increase is limited to only 30% compared to the area of 8-bit resistor-string DAC. The output deviation between channels is successfully limited within 5 mV and the driver LSI with 414 outputs consumes the maximum total current of 16 mA when driving 42-inch HDTV panel. We confirmed that the picture with 10-bit shades of gray is much more natural than that with 8-bit shades of gray.

A novel technique is proposed for measuring the distributed strain and temperature in a fiber with a very high resolution. This technique makes use of the jagged appearance of Rayleigh backscatter traces from a single-mode fiber measured by using a coherent OTDR with a precisely frequency-controlled light source. Our preliminary experiment indicated the possibility of measuring temperature with a resolution of better than 0.01 and a spatial resolution of one meter. This temperature resolution is two orders of magnitude better than that provided by Brillouin-based distributed sensors.

A new cell structure Power MOSFET, which exhibits a lower on-state resistance and lower gate charge than the conventional layout geometry, is proposed in this research. Vertical Power MOSFETs are generally designed by either squared (closed) cell or stripe (linear) cell geometry; each has its own advantages and drawbacks. Typically, closed cell design has lower on resistance but higher gate charge characteristics than the linear one. In this study, we propose, fabricate, and analyze a "wing cell" structure Power MOSFET, which can have lower on resistance and lower gate charge performances than the closed cell structure. In addition, the wing cell design can avoid the "closed concept" patents.

In this letter, a new addressing scheme for hexagonal networks is proposed. Using the new addressing scheme, many routing algorithms designed for networks using square-based topologies such as mesh and torus can also be applied to hexagonal networks. Methods of applying the turn model to hexagonal networks are derived, with some new minimal and partial adaptive routing algorithms obtained. Simulations of the new routing algorithms under different working conditions are carried on hexagonal networks of various sizes. The results show that the proposed algorithms can offer lower packet delay and loss rate than the popular dimension order routing algorithm.

Bi-stable displays form the foundation of a novel and attractive LCD technology. From now on, images can be maintained on the LCD after driving voltages have been withdrawn from the electrodes. In low frame-rate applications such as e-books, e-labels, smartcards etc., this offers a major improvement in power consumption and battery life. However, bi-stable displays require high driving voltages and complex waveforms. Furthermore, the nature of some applications doesn't allow the use of relatively large passive components. This rules out more traditional approaches for high-voltage generation with external coils or capacitors. This paper describes the design of completely integrated and programmable high-voltage generators capable of generating output voltages up to 50 V out of a 3 V supply voltage. Features like 8-bit output voltage programmability and stabilisation were implemented to make this type of high-voltage generator suitable for bi-stable display drivers. Design aspects and simulation results are discussed, as well as measurements on prototype generators implemented in the 0.7 µm 100 V I2T100 technology from AMI Semiconductor.

In this paper, based on Equivalent Active Flow, we propose a novel technique called Approximate Fairness Dropping, which is able to approximate fairness by containing misbehaving flows' access queue opportunity with low time/space complexity. Unlike most of the existing Active Queue Management schemes (e.g., RED, BLUE, CHOKE), Approximate Fairness Dropping does not drop the packets whose arriving rate is within the maximum admitted rate, so it protects the well-behaving flows against misbehaving ones, moreover, improves the throughput and decreases the queuing delay. Our simulations and analyses demonstrate that this new technique outperforms the existing schemes and closely approximates the "ideal" case, where full state information is needed.

This paper presents an even harmonic quadrature mixer (EH-QMIX) with a simple filter configuration and an integrated LTCC module including LNAs, band rejection filters (BRFs), and the proposed EH-QMIX for W-CDMA direct conversion receiver (DCR). Since the DCR has no spurious responses, a BRF instead of a high-Q band pass filter can be applicable for eliminating undesired signals and it can be built in the LTCC substrates easily. As LO frequency is half of RF frequency in the EH-QMIX, diplexer can be composed of simple filters and it can be also integrated in the substrates. As a result, the whole RF circuits of the EH-DCR using a proposed EH-QMIX are integrated in the LTCC module and miniaturization of the receiver is achieved. Moreover, in order to suppress the degradation of the amplitude and the phase imbalances in the quadrature mixer caused by interferences of signals, RF characteristics of the circuits in the mixer such as reflection coefficients, isolations are discussed. A developed LTCC module shows good performances for W-CDMA direct conversion receiver.